NEB English Grade 11: A Few Kind Words for Superstition
Arjun EP
WRITING
(a) Write an essay on superstitions that exist in your community in about 250 words.
In the 21st century, there are many people who believe in superstitions.
86.3% of the world’s population is educated (aged 15 or over) but they believe in superstitions.
Educated people often come under the influence of shaman (baba, taantrik and jhankri).
Causes of superstitions
There are many reasons for superstition.
Every person has some problem in life.
These problems are unemployment, business loss, breakup in relationship, fights for assets etc.
When people trapped in these bad situations, they want to get rid of.
Then, they follow superstitions; they go to shaman (baba, tantric, jhanki).
Most of the shaman are hypocrites, uneducated or little educated.
They cheat those people in the name of worshiping of gods and goddess.
Most of the married women are the victims of superstition in the country.
Most of the married women want at least one baby boy in the family.
These women go to shaman (babas) and give a lot of money as donation.
Many women are raped by these babas and some killed.
But in actuality baby boy is depended on male’s fertility system.
Some superstitions exist in our community
When cat is crossing the path, we should not cross.
We should not broom at night.
We should not cut the nail at night
Blow on fingers if they touch one’s neck.
Do not leave the home on particular day.
Empty pitcher or bucket is inauspicious (ashubh).
Owl sitting on the roof of the house is inauspicious.
Sneeze at the time of departure is inauspicious.
Flicking of left eye is inauspicious.
Itching on left hand palm means money goes out while itching on right hand palm means money comes in.
Itching on foot’s sole means journey.
Someone died in the dream means age increase of that person.
Widow women inauspicious in many ritual functions.
Poor, old age and single women is witch and so on.
It is surprising that in such superstitions, illiterate as well as educated people fall into it.
Except health and financial problems, other problems can be solved by taking and discussing.
Therefore, people should solve problems by sharing with family.
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Click on link for YouTube videos: |
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Accounting Equation |
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Basic Journal Entries in Nepali |
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Basic Journal Entries |
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Journal Entry and Ledger |
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Ledger |
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Subsidiary Book |
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Cash Book |
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Trial Balance & Adjusted Trial Balance |
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Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) |
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Depreciation |
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Final Accounts: Class 11 |
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Adjustment in Final Accounts |
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Capital and Revenue |
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Single Entry System |
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Non-Trading Concern |
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Government Accounting |
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Goswara Voucher (Journal Voucher) |
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(b) “Superstition is prevalent in every walk of life.” Argue for or against this statement.
Superstitions occur when someone fears with the unknown event.
Once the unknown event becomes familiar, superstition will not stay any longer.
If a person knows the actual truth behind various meaningless things, his/her fear abolish from the mind.
It is true that the paranormal things are deep rooted in people’s mind.
Uneducated parents, society and culture help to grow superstitions.
But highly educated persons also believe in superstitions.
Superstition around the world
Not only in under developing countries but superstitions also are in developed countries.
Some developed countries and their superstitions are as follows:
Japanese superstitions:
If you whistle in the evening a snake will come after you.
If you lie down after a meal you will become a cow.
Chinese superstitions:
Building a house facing the North would bring ruin to the family.
Clipping finger-nails or toe-nails in the evening will attract ghosts.
German superstitions:
If you say ‘Cheers’ or ‘Prost’ with water in Germany, it means you wish death on all your drinking buddies.
Giving Germans a gift of knives is not appropriate; it means you wish the household injury and death.
Russian superstitions:
No one carries an empty bucket in Russia; it is a bad omen.
A Russian girl is never to sit on a corner seat; her wedding will be delayed for seven years.
American superstitions:
Opening umbrella indoor the building or home; it is bad luck.
Bad news comes in threes; buying anything of three pieces is bad luck.
Thus, superstition is prevalent or wide-spread in every walk of life.
We should do our duty honestly without troubling other person.
It will be good luck for us as well as others.
Keep in Mind
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Some common superstitions of the worldwide are given below; (do not believe on them) |
Good luck superstitions: |
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Horse shoe – finding a lost horse shoe brings you luck |
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Four leaf clovers – luck is on your side |
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A rabbit’s foot – brings you luck |
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Itching right hand palm – money is coming |
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Knock on wood – will keep evil spirits at a distance |
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Throwing rice on the bride and groom – will bring them many children |
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Blowing birthday candles out all at once – you get what you wish |
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Spilled salt over the shoulder – hit in the devil’s eye. |
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Wishbone – what do people use wishbones for? |
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Bad luck superstitions: |
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Walking under a ladder – bad luck |
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Dropping a dishcloth – bad luck is coming! |
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Breaking a mirror – bad luck for seven years |
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Bad luck comes in threes – do not go outside three persons together. |
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Wearing gems when it is not your birthstone – bad luck |
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Chasing someone with a broom brings – ill fortune |
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Rocking an empty rocking chair – bad luck |
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Number 13 – bad luck |
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Opening umbrella inside the house – bad luck |
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Pick a penny only if it is heads up; if its tails up you are in trouble! |
GRAMMAR
Present simple or present continuous/progressive
(A) Study the following examples of present simple and present continuous:
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Present simple |
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Present continuous |
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(a) |
Water boils at100º Celsius. |
(a) |
The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? |
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(b) |
Jenisha lives in Jumla. |
(b) |
Jenisha is living in Tokyo for a few months. |
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(c) |
I drink coffee every morning. |
(c) |
I am drinking too much coffee these days because I’m so busy at work. |
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(d) |
He always tells lies. |
(d) |
You are always telling lies. |
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(e) |
My plane leaves at six this evening. |
(e) |
I’m leaving for Pokhara tomorrow. |
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(f) |
I know her very well. |
(f) |
I am reading a novel by Paulo Coelho. |
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(g) |
At the end of the story, the protagonist catches the killer. |
(g) |
In this photo, my mother is wearing a blue sari. |
(B) Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or present continuous.
(a) Nisha …… (speak) English very well.
(b) Hurry up! We …… (wait) for you.
(c) Excuse me! …… (you/speak) English?
(d) She …… (have) a shower in bathroom.
(e) How often …… (you/read) a newspaper?
(f) I’m sorry, I …… (not/understand). Can you speak more slowly?
(g) You can turn off the radio. I …… (not/listen) to it.
(h) I usually …… (get up) at 5 o’clock every morning.
(i) Look! The river …… (flow) very fast.
(j) Amrita …… (not/seem) very happy at the moment.
Answer
(a) Nisha speaks English very well.
(b) Hurry up! We are waiting for you.
(c) Excuse me! Do you speak English?
(d) She is having a shower in bathroom.
(e) How often do you read a newspaper?
(f) I’m sorry, I don’t understand. Can you speak more slowly?
(g) You can turn off the radio. I am not listening to it.
(h) I usually get up at 5 o’clock every morning.
(i) Look! The river is flowing very fast.
(j) Amrita does not seem very happy at the moment.
(C) Are the underlined verbs in the correct form? Correct them where necessary.
(a) Water boils at 100° C.
(b) The water boils. Can you turn it off?
(c) I must go now. It gets late.
(d) This sauce’s tasting really good.
(e) I’m thinking this is your key.
(f) Are you believing in God?
(g) I usually go to school on foot.
(h) Look! That man tries to open the door of her car.
(i) The moon is going round the earth.
(j) I’m getting hungry. Let’s go and eat.
Answer
(a) Water boils at 100° C.
(b) The water is boiling. Can you turn it off?
(c) I must go now. It is getting late.
(d) This sauce tastes really good.
(e) I think this is your key.
(f) Do you believe in God?
(g) I usually go to school on foot.
(h) Look! That man is trying to open the door of her car.
(i) The moon goes round the earth.
(j) I’m getting hungry. Let’s go and eat.
LISTENING
Audio
Audio credit: www.esl-lab.com
(A) Look at this picture and answer these questions.
Emergency kit
(a) What do you see in the picture? Name them.
(b) When do you need them?
(c) Why do you need them?
(d) Do you have these things at your home?
(B) Listen to the recording and choose the correct alternative.
(a) Which of the following did the man mention as an emergency?
i. Tornado
ii. Power failure
iii. Tsunami
(b) Why do you need a water filter?
i. Bacteria in water can cause serious illness.
ii. Having a water filter helps you store your water.
iii. The source of water can be infested.
(c) What type of food does the man want to keep in the kits?
i. food that requires preparation
ii. canned food
iii. light and handy food
(d) According to Lisa, what is her image of an emergency shelter?
i. A place that lacks adequate food and water
ii. Where people work together under difficult conditions
iii. A place that is very overcrowded and dirty
(e) How can we communicate with family members in an emergency?
i. Depend on cell phones.
ii. Use fire.
iii. Use two-way radios.
(f) What should the people with small children do?
i. Pack plenty of chocolates.
ii. Carry their favourite toys.
iii. Be prepared with basic art supplies.
(C) Did you find this recording useful for you? Present your logics for or against the topic.
SPEAKING
Suggesting and advising
(A) Look at the following conversations and act out:
(B) Study these expressions of giving advice.
(a) You should stay at home.
(b) Why don’t you stay in bed?
(c) You ought to put on your glasses.
(d) You’d better invite her to your birthday party.
(e) If I were you, I’d ask her.
(f) It’d be a good idea to use a pencil.
(C) What would you suggest to your friends in the following situations?
(a) Your friend lost his/her pen.
(b) Ramila is weak in Mathematics.
(c) Pardip has a headache.
(d) Your friend is getting fat.
(e) Mukesh wants to dance but he can’t.
(D) What would you advise to Muna in the following situations?
Example:
Muna: I’m sleepy.
You: You should/ought to drink a cup of tea.
(a) I’m hungry.
(b) I’m cold.
(c) I can’t control my temper.
(d) I have hiccups.
(e) I can’t get to sleep at night.
PROJECT WORK
Interview some people in your locality. Ask them what kind of superstitions they grew up with. Ask everyone whether they believe in those superstitions at present or not.
Prepare a news article including their responses.
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