An acronym is a word formed from the initial letters of a name or by combining initial letters of a series of words.
Types of abbreviations:
There are four main types of abbreviations; they are shortenings, contractions, initialisms and acronyms.
Generally, in shortenings the first few letters of the full form are taken.
They are spelled with a final period when they are still regarded as abbreviations.
Example: cont. = continued; in = inch.
In the cases when they form words in their own right, the period is omitted.
Such shortenings are often but not always informal.
Example: hippo = hippopotamus, limo = limousine
Some become the standard forms then the full forms are regarded as formal or technical.
Example: bus = omnibus; taxi = taxicab; deli = delicatessen; zoo = zoological garden.
Sometimes shortenings are altered to facilitate their pronunciation or spelling.
Example: bike = bicycle
Contractions are abbreviated forms in which letters from the middle of the full form have been omitted.
Example: Dr. = debit; Dr. = doctor; St. = saint or street.
Such forms are invariably followed by a period.
Another kind of contraction is the type with an apostrophe marking the omission of letters.
Example: can’t = cannot; didn’t = did not; you’ve = you have.
Initialisms are made up of the initial letters of words and are pronounced as separate letters.
Example: CIA C.I.A.; pm or p.m.; U.S. or US.
Acronyms are initialisms that have become words in their own right, or similar words formed from parts of several words.
They are pronounced as words rather than as a series of letters.
Example: AIDS; UNESCO; SAARC
In many cases, the acronym becomes the standard term and the full form is only used in explanatory contexts.
A
AAT – Association of Accounting Technicians
ACIS – Associate of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators
ACMA – Associate of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
A&A – audit and assurance
AAA – American Association of Attorney
AAA – Authentication Authorization Accounting
AAAA – Asian Academic Accounting Association
AAOIFI – Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions (Bahrain)
AARF – Australian Accounting Research Foundation
AAS – Australian Accounting Standards
AASB – Australian Accounting Standards Board
AASOC – Auditing and Assurance Oversight Council (Canada)
ABB – activity based budgeting
ABC – activity based costing
ABI – Association of British Insurers (United Kingdom)
A/c – account
A/R – account receivable
ACCA – Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (United Kingdom)
ACCR – accrued
ACCT – accounting
ACEVO – Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organizations
ACGA – Asian Corporate Governance Association (ACGA)
AcSB – Accounting Standards Board in Canada
AcSOC – Accounting Standards Oversight Council (Canada)
ACT – Association of Corporate Treasurers (United Kingdorn); advance corporation tax
ADJ – adjustment
ADR – American Depository Receipts
ADT – auditing
AE – accrued expenses
AFAANZ – Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand
AGF – Auditor General Form
AGM – annual general meeting
AIA – Association of International Accountants (United Kingdom)
AIBD – Association of International Bond Dealers
AICPA – American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
AIDB – Accountancy Investigation and Disciplinary Board (United Kingdom)
AIU – Audit Inspection Unit (United Kingdom)
AMEX – American Stock Exchange
AMPS – auction market preferred stock
A/P – accounts payable
APB – Accounting Principles Board (United States)
APB – Auditing Practices Board (United Kingdom)
APEC – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
APR – annualized percentage rate
APT – Auditing Practices Committee (United Kingdom)
A/R – accounts receivable
ARC – Accounting Regulatory Committee (European Union)
ARDF – Accounting Research and Development Foundation (Taiwan)
ARR – Accounting Rate of Return, Average Rate of Return
ASB – Accounting Standards Board (New Zealand, United Kingdom)
ASB – Auditing Standards Board (United States)
ASBJ – Accounting Standards Board of Japan
ASC – Accounting Standards Committee (United Kingdom)
ASCA – Arab Society of Certified Accountants
ASCPA – Australian Society of Certified Public Accountants
ASCS – American Society of Corporate Secretaries
ASSC – Accounting Standards Steering Committee (United Kingdom)
ASU – accounting standards update
AYB – actual year basis
AVC – additional voluntary contribution
AMT – alternative minimum tax
APACS – Association for Payment Clearing Services
APB – Accounting Principle Board; Auditing Practices Board
APC – Auditing Practices Committee
ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASOBAT – a statement of basic accounting theory
ATII – Associate of the Taxation Institute Incorporated
AATT – Associate of the Association of Tax Technicians
AMPS – auction market preferred stock
AVCO – average cost
ARM – adjustable-rate mortgage
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B
B&C – bond and coupon
b/d – brought down
b/f – balancing figure; brought forward
B/R – bills receivable
B2B – business to business
BAC – Business Accounting Council (Japan)
BACS – Bankers Automated Clearing System
BAFA – British Accounting and Finance Association
BAHA – British Association of Hospitality Accountants
BB – Bank of Bangladesh
BBA – British Accounting Association
BDV – budget day value
BE – budget expenditure
BEA – break-even analysis
BEP – break-even point
BES – business expansion scheme
BGC – bank giro credit
BOD – bank overdraft
BOE – Bank of England
BOJ – Bank of Japan
BRS – bank reconciliation statement
BS – balance sheet
BSE – Bombay Stock Exchange
BSV – book salvage value
BUDG – budgeted
BV – book value
BV – business valuation
Keep in Mind
Stock Exchange in SAARC |
|
Countries |
Name of stock exchange |
Afghanistan |
Afghanistan Stock Exchange, Dhaka, Kabul, Afghanistan |
Bangladesh |
Dhaka Stock Exchange, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
Bhutan |
Royal Security Stock Exchange, Thimphu, Bhutan |
India |
Bombay Stock Exchange, Mumbai, India |
Maldives |
Maldives Stock Exchange, Male, Maldives |
Nepal |
Nepal Stock Exchange, Kathmandu, Nepal |
Pakistan |
Karachi Stock Exchange, Karachi, Pakistan |
Sri-Lanka |
Colombo Stock Exchange, Colombo, Sri Lanka |
C
C&F – carried and forward
c/d – carried down
C/S – cost sharing
C+MV – cost plus market value
C2B – consumer-to-business
CA – Chartered Accountants
CA – current asset
CAATs – computer-assisted audit techniques
CAC – Corporate Affairs Commission
CAFA – comprehensive annual financial report
CAMA – Company Allied Matter Act
CAPA – Confederation of Asia and Pacific Accountants
CapEx – capital expenditure
CAPM – capital asset pricing model
CAPM – capital asset pricing model; Certified Associate in Project Management
CAQ – center for audit quality
CASB – Cost Accounting Standard Board
CASC – China Accounting Standards Committee
CBA – cost-benefit analysis
CBS – Consolidated Balance Sheet
CBSL – Central Bank of Sri Lanka
CCA – current cost accounting
CCAB – Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies
CCAB – Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies (United Kingdom)
CCAR – current cost accounting reserve
CCE – current cash equivalent
CD – certificate of deposit; cost driver
CEDEL – Central de Livraison de Valeurs Mobilieres
CEO – Chief Executive Officer
CESR – Council of European Security Regulators
CETR – capital employed turnover ratio
CFAT – cash inflow after tax and depreciation
CFC – Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (Brazil)
CFO – Chief Finance Officer
CFO – Chief Financial Officer
CFP – Certified Financial Planner
CFTDR – cash flow to total debt ratio
CGA – Certified General Accountants Association of Canada
CGT – capital gain tax
CGU – cash generating unit
CHAPS – Clearing House Automated Payment System
CHIPS – Clearing House Interbank Payments System
CIA – Certified Internal Auditor (United States)
CICA – Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants
CICPA – Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants
CIMA – Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (United Kingdom)
CIPFA – Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (United Kingdom)
CIT – Chartered Institute of Taxation (United Kingdom)
CITA – Company Income Tax Act
CL – current liability
CMA – Certified Management Accountant
CMA – Certified Management Accountants (Canada)
CMO – collateralized mortgage obligation
CNC – Conseil National de la Comptabilite (France)
CoCoA – continuously contemporary accounting
COE or Ke – cost of equity
COGS – cost of goods sold
COO – Chief Operating Officer
COSA – cost of sales adjustment
CPA – Certified Public Accountant
CPA -Certified Public Accountants
CPI – consumer price index
CPM – cost per mile
CPP – current purchasing power
CPP Accounting – current purchasing power accounting
CPPM – current purchasing power method
CPU – cost per unit
Cr – credit
CRO – Company Registrar Office
CSR – corporate social responsibility
CSV – cash salvage value
CT – corporate tax
CTR – capital turnover ratio
CTT – capital transfer tax
CULS – converted unsecured loan stock
CULS – convertible unsecured loan stock
CV – cash value
CVPA – cost-volume-profit analysis
D
DASC – Danish Accounting Standards Committee
DAB – Da Afghanistan Bank
DBM – declining balance method; diminishing balance method
DBMS – database management system
DBR – Drum-Buffer-Rope
DC – direct cost
DCF – discounted cash flow
DCV – direct charge voucher
DDBM – double declining balance method
Dmat account – dematerialised account
Depn – depreciation
DER – debt equity ratio
DJIA – Dow Jones Industrial Average
DL – direct labour
DP – data processing
DPS – dividends per share
Dr – debit
DSS – decision support system
DTCO – District Treasury and Comptroller Office
DTP – desktop publishing
E
EAA – European Accounting Association
EAA – European Accounting Association
EAT – earnings after tax
EBIT – earnings before interest and taxes
EBITDA – earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
EBP – Employee Benefit Plan
EBT – earnings before tax
ECG – European Corporate Governance Institute
ECGD – Export Credits Guarantee Department
ECGI – European Corporate Governance Institute
ECB – European Central Bank
ECP – Euro Commercial Paper
ECU – European Currency Unit
EDGAR – electronic data gathering, analysis, and retrieval system
EDI – electronic data interchange
EDP – electronic data processing
EFRAG – European Financial Reporting Advisory Group
EFT – electronic funds transfer
EFTPOS – electronic funds transfer at point of sale
EGM – extraordinary general meeting
EIC – Emerging Issues Committee (Canada)
EIS – enterprise investment scheme
EIS – Enterprise investment scheme
EITF – Emerging Issues Task Force
EMH – efficient market hypothesis
EMS – European Monetary System
EMS – European Monetary System
EMU – economic and monetary union
EMV – expected monetary value
EOQ – economic order quantity
EPS – earnings per share
ERP – enterprise resource planning
ESOP – employee share ownership plan
ESOT – employee share ownership trust
ETF – electronic transfer of funds
EV – expected value
EVA – economic value added
Exp – expense
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F
F&A – facilities and administrative costs
F&F – furniture and fixture
FA – fixed assets
FACPCE – Federacion Argentina de Consejos Profesionales de Ciencias
FAF – Financial Accounting Foundation
FAF – Financial Accounting Foundation (United States)
FARR – Financial Accounting and Reporting Rules for Entities (China)
FAS – financial accounting standards
FASAC – Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council (United States)
FASB – Financial Accounting Standards Board
FASB – Financial Accounting Standards Board (United States)
FASC – Financial Accounting Standards Committee (Taiwan)
FASF – Financial Accounting Standards Foundation (Japan)
FATR – fixed assets turnover ratio
FC – fixed cost
FD – fixed deposit
FDR – Federal Reserve Bank
FE – fixed expenses
FEE – Federation des Experts Comptables Europeens (Belgium)
FER – Fachempfehlungen zur Rechnungslegung – Swiss GAAP (Switzerland)
FFO – funds from operation
FIAO – free in and out
FIDEF – Federation Internationale des Experts Comptables Francophones (France)
FIFO – first in, first out
FII – franked investment income
FIM – fixed installment method
FIMBRA – Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association
FinREC – Financial Reporting Executive Committee
FMCG – fast-moving consumer goods
FOB – free on board
FOEV – fixed overhead expenditure variance
Forex – foreign exchange
FOTV – fixed overhead total variance
FOVV – fixed overhead volume variance
FRA – forward rate agreement
FRA – forward-rate agreement
FRC – Financial Reporting Council
FRC – Financial Reporting Council (United Kingdom)
FRED – Financial Reporting Exposure Draft (United Kingdom)
FRF – Financial Reporting Foundation (Malaysia)
FRN – floating-rate note
FRR – Financial Reporting Release (United States)
FRRP – Financial Reporting Review Panel (United Kingdom)
FRS – Federal Reserve System
FRS – Financial Reporting Standards (New Zealand, United Kingdom)
FRSB – Financial Reporting Standards Board (New Zealand)
FRSSE – financial reporting standard for smaller entities
FRSSE – Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities (United Kingdom)
FSA – Financial Services Act (1986)
FSR – Foreningen af Stalsautoriserede Revisorer (Denmark)
FV – future value
FX – foreign exchange
FY – financial year; fiscal year
G
G5 – group five (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States)
G8 – group eight (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States)
GA – gearing adjustment
GAAP – generally accepted accounting principles
GAAS – generally accepted auditing standards
GAGAP – generally accepted government accounting principles
GAO – Government Accountability Office
GASB – Government Accounting Standards Board (United States)
GDP – gross domestic product.
GL – general ledger
GM – gross margin
GNP – gross national product
GP – gross profit
GPFS – general purpose financial statements
GPM – gross profit margin
GPR – gross profit ratio
GR – gearing ratio
GRN – goods received note
GSCCAB – Gibraltar Society of Charter Certified Accountancy Bodies
GST – goods and service tax
H
HC – holding company
HCA – historical cost accounting
HIP – human-information processing
HKICPA – Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants
HKSE – Hong Kong Stock Exchange
I
IAAER – International Association for Accounting Education and Research
IAASB – International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board
IAB – International Association of Bookkeepers
IAFEI – International Association of Financial Executives Institutes
IAPA – International Association of Practising Accountants (United Kingdom)
IAPC – International Auditing Practices Committee
IAS – International Accounting Standard
IASB – International Accounting Standards Board
IASC – International Accounting Standards Committee
IBRD – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICAA – Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia
ICAC – Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoria de Cuentas (Spain)
ICAEW – Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
ICAI – Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland
ICAN – Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nepal
ICAN – Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria
ICANZ – Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand
ICAS – Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland
ICQ – internal control questionnaire
ICSA – Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (United Kingdom)
IFAC – International Federation of Accountants (United States)
IFAD – International Forum for Accountancy Development
IFAEC – International Federation of Accountants Education Committee
IFRIC – International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IASB)
IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standard
IGC – Implementation Guidance Committee
IHT – inheritance tax
IHT – inheritance tax
IIA – Institute of Internal Auditors
IMA – Institute of Management Accountants (United States)
IMF – International Monetary Fund
IMRO – Investment Management Regulatory Organisation
INTOSAI – International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (Austria)
IOSCO – International Organisation for Securities Commission
IOSCO – International Organization for Securities Commissions
IPO – Initial Public Offering
IPSAS – International Public Sector Accounting Standards
IRA – individual retirement account
IRFAA- International Regional Federation of Accountants and Auditors EURASIA “Eurasia”
IRR – internal rate of return
IRS – internal revenue service
ISA – individual savings accounts
ISA – International Standards on Auditing
ISACA – Information Systems Audit and Control Association (United States)
ISAR – United Nations Intergovernmental Work Group of Experts on International Standard: Accounting and Reporting
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
IT – income tax
IT – information technology
ITF – integrated test facility
ITR – inventory turnover ratio
IVSC – International Valuation Standards Committee (United Kingdom)
Keep in Mind
Types of ISO Certifications |
|
ISO 9001 |
Quality Management System (QMS) |
ISO 10002 |
Quality Management Customer Satisfaction |
ISO 13485 |
Medical Devices Quality Management System (QMS) |
ISO 14001 |
Environmental Management System (EMS) |
ISO 20000 |
IT Service Management System (ITSM) |
ISO 22000 |
Food and Safety Management System (FSMS) |
ISO 22301 |
Business Continuity Management System (BCMS) |
ISO 26000:2010 |
Social Responsibility Awareness |
ISO 27001 |
Information Security Management System (ISMS) |
ISO 29001 |
Oil and Gas Management System (OGMS) |
ISO 29990 |
Quality Management System – Non-Formal Education and Training |
ISO 31000 |
Risk Management |
ISO 45001 |
Occupational Health & Safety Management System |
ISO 50001 |
Energy Management System (EnMS) |
J
JICPA – Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants
JIT – just-in-time
JDS – joint disciplinary scheme
K
KASB – Korean Accounting Standards Board
K – real risk free rate of interest
L
L/C – letter of credit
LAN – local area network
LAUTRO – Life Assurance and Unit Trust Regulatory Organisation
LBO – leveraged buy out
LBO – leveraged buyout
LF – ledger folio number
LH – labour hours
LIAB – Licentiate of the International Association of Book-keepers
LIBID – London Inter-Bank Bid Rate
LIBOR – London Inter-Bank Offered Rate
LIFFE – London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange
LIFFE – London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange
LIFO – last in, first out
LIMEAN – London Inter-Bank Mean Rate
LLC – Limited Liability Company
LOR – letters of response
LSE – London Stock Exchange
Ltd – Limited
LTL – long-term liabilities
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|
Accounting Equation |
|
Basic Journal Entries in Nepali |
|
Basic Journal Entries |
|
Journal Entry and Ledger |
|
Ledger |
|
Subsidiary Book |
|
Cash Book |
|
Trial Balance & Adjusted Trial Balance |
|
Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) |
|
Depreciation |
|
Final Accounts: Class 11 |
|
Adjustment in Final Accounts |
|
Capital and Revenue |
|
Single Entry System |
|
Non-Trading Concern |
|
Government Accounting |
|
Goswara Voucher (Journal Voucher) |
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M
M/s – messrs
MAS – Malaysian Accounting Standards
MASB – Malaysian Accounting Standards Board
MBO – management by objectives; management buy out
MCT – mainstream corporation tax
MD&A – management discussion and analysis
MD&A – Management Discussion and Analysis (United States)
MH – machine hours
MIRAS – mortgage interest relief at source
MIS – management information systems
MLA – mandatory liquid assets
MLA – mandatory liquid assets
MMA – Maldivian Monetary Authority
MMC – Monopolies and Mergers Commission
MOS – margin of safety
MRN – materials returns note
MRP – maximum retail price
MTN – medium-term note
MVA – market value added
MWC – monetary working capital
MWCA – monetary working capital adjustment
N
N/R – notes receivable
NAA – National Association of Accountants
NAO – National Audit Office
NASD – National Association of Security Dealers
NASDAQ – National Association of Security Dealers Automated Quotation System
NAV – net asset value
NBFC – Non-Banking Financial Company
NBV – net book value
NBV – net book value
NCA – non-current asset
NCFFA – net cash from financing activities
NCFIA – net cash from investing activities
NCFOA – net cash from operating activities
NCL – non-current liability
NCO – net capital outlay
NEPSE – Nepal Stock Exchange
NI – net income
NIC – National Insurance Contribution
NIFO – next-in-first-out
NIFO cost – next-in-first-out cost
NIT – negative income tax
NPO – non-for-profit organisation; non-profit organisation
NPV – net present value
NRB – Nepal Rastra Bank
NRS – Norsk RegnskapsStiftelse (Norway)
NRV – net realizable value
NRV – net realizable value
NSC – National Savings Certificates
NSF – non-sufficient funds
NYSE – New York Stock Exchange
O
O/s – Outstanding
OBSF – off balance sheet fiancé; off balance sheet financing
OCM – original cost method
OD – overdraft
OE – operation expenses
OE – owner’s equity
OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OFT – office of fair trading
OMV – open-market value
OPEB – other post-retirement employee benefit
OTC market – over-the-counter market
P
(P) – private
P&L – profit and loss
P/D ratio – price-dividend ratio
P/V ratio – profit volume ratio
PA – Public Accountant
PAC – Public Accounting Council (Canada)
PAN – permanent account number
PAT – profit after tax
PAYE – pay as you earn
PBD – provision for bad debts
PBP- payback period
PBT – profit before tax
PC – purchase consideration
PCAOB – Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
PCB – petty cash book
PCC – Private Company Council
PCF – petty cash fund
PCP – permissible capital payment
PDD – provision for doubtful debts
PDR – price dividend ratio
PEP – personal equity plan
PER – price earnings ratio
PERT – programme evaluation and review technique
PET – potentially exempt transfer
PI – profitability index
PIA – Personal Investment Authority
PIBS – permanent interest bearing share
PINC – property income certificate
PITA – Personal Income Tax Act
PLC – Public Limited Company
POBA – Professional Oversight Board for Accountancy (United Kingdom)
POS – point of sale
PR – purchase requisition
PRB – Peer Review Board
Prop – proprietor
PRP – profit-related pay
PRT – petroleum revenue tax
PSAB – Public Sector Accounting Board (Canada)
PSASB – Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (Australia)
PSBR – public sector borrowing requirement
PSR – profit-sharing ratio
Pte – private
PV – profit volume
PV – purchase value
Pvt – private
Pvt Ltd – Private Limited
PYB – preceding year basis
PYB – preceding-year basis
#####
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|
Share (Accounting for Share) |
|
Share in Nepali |
|
Debentures |
|
Final Account: Class 12 |
|
Final Account in Nepali |
|
Work Sheet |
|
Ratio Analysis (Accounting Ratio) |
|
Fund Flow Statement |
|
Cash Flow Statement |
|
Theory Accounting Xii |
|
Theory: Cost Accounting |
|
Cost Accounting |
|
LIFO−FIFO |
|
Cost Sheet, Unit Costing |
|
Cost Reconciliation Statement |
#####
Q
QC – quality control
ql – quintal
Qly – quality
Qn – question
Q or Qtr – quarter
Qty – quantity
QR – quick ratio
QR code – quick response code
R
® – registered
R&D – research and development
R&M – repairs and maintenance
RAFT – revolving acceptance facility by tender
RAFT – revolving acceptance facility by tender
RBA – Reserve Bank of Australia
RBI – Reserve Bank of India
RBNZ – Reserve Bank of New Zealand
Ref – reference
REIT – Real Estate Investment Trust
REMIC – Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit
RI – residual income
RIC – Regulated Investment Company
RM – raw materials
RMA – Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan
RNS – Regulatory News Service
RNS – Regulatory News Service (United Kingdom)
ROA – return on assets
ROB – Recognized Qualifying Body (United Kingdom)
ROCE – return on capital employed
ROCE – return on capital employed
ROCE – return on capital employed
ROE – return on equity
ROE – return on equity
ROI – return on investment
ROI – return on investment
ROL – reorder level
ROR – rate of return
ROS – return on sales
ROSE – return on shareholder’s equity
RPB – recognized professional body
RPB – recognized professional body
RPI – retail price index
RPI – retail price index
S
S&D – selling and distribution
SAC – Standards Advisory Council
SAM – simple average method
SAS – Statement of Accounting Standards
SAYE – save as you earn
SCARF – systems control and review file
SEAQ – Stock Exchange Automated Quotations System
SEBI – Security and Exchange Board of India
SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission (United States)
SEDAR – System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (Canada)
SEEPAD – South Eastern European Partnership on Accountancy Development
SEP – simplified employee pension
SERPS – State Earning-Related Pension Scheme
SFA – Securities and Futures Authority Ltd
SFAC – Standards of Financial Accounting Concepts (United States)
SFAS – Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (United States)
SFC – Securities and Futures Commission (Taiwan)
SFO – Serious Fraud Office
SIA – Securities Industry Association
SIAS – Statement on Internal Auditing Standards
SIAT – Society of International Accounting Technicians (United Kingdom)
SIB – Securities and Investment Board
SIC – Standards Interpretations Committee
SLM – straight line method
SN – serial number
SNB – Swiss National Bank
SNIF – short-term note issuance facility
SOC – service organization control
SORP – statement of recommended practice
SOX – Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002
SPB – State Bank of Pakistan
SPE – special purpose entities
SPV – special purpose vehicles
Sr – serial
SRN – stores returns note
SRN – stores returns note
SRO – Self-Regulating Organisation
SSAP – statement of standard accounting practice
SSAP – Statement of Standards Accounting Practice (United Kingdom)
SSP – statutory sick pay
SVC – semi-variable cost
SWOT – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
SYS – single entry system
T
TA – tax avoidance
TAR – throughput accounting ratio
TATR – total assets turnover ratio
T-bill – treasury bill
T-bond – treasury bond
TE – tax evasion
Tech – technology
TESSA – tax exempt special saving scheme
TFOSS – Task Force on Standards Setting (Canada)
TIN – Taxpayer Identification Number
TL – tax liability
TLF – transferable loan facility
TOC – theory of constraints
TV – terminal value
TWDV – tax written down value
U
UAA – Uniform Accountancy Act
UITF – Urgent issues Task Force
UITF – Urgent Issues Task Force (United Kingdom)
UNCTAD – United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
USAID – U.S. Agency for International Development
USM – unlisted securities market
V
VAT – value added tax
VC – variable cost; venture capital
VE – variable expenses
VRN – variable-rate note
W
WAC – weighted-average cost
WACC – weight average cost of capital
WACM – weighted-average cost method
WAM – weighted average method
WC – working capital
WDA – writing-down allowance
WDV – written-down value
WIP – work-in-progress; work-in-process
Z
ZBB – zero-base budget
ZPG – zero population growth
Digit
24/7 – all time
401 (k) – retirement plan in the USA
52-weeks – of the past year
420 – fraud and cheating
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