Accounting | NEB Syllabus and Model Question | Grade 12
Accounting Syllabus and Model Question | NEB Syllabus Management 12 includes Accounting, Economics, Finance, Business Maths, Business Studies, Marketing, Computer Science, Nepali, English, Social Studies and more.
About NEB
National Examinations Board-NEB (formerly Higher Secondary Education Board-HSEB) is the only one education board of Nepal Government.
The Board has a separate seal for its own work implementation purpose.
The examination related tasks of Grade 10 (Secondary Education Examinations (SEE) and class 11 and 12 (School Leaving Certificate Examination (SLCE) have now been affiliated to the jurisdiction of NEB as integrated components.
The examinations of class 10 will be brought into operation in the regional/provincial level.
Compulsory Subjects, Grade 12
Nepali
English
Social Studies and Life Skills Education
Optional Subjects Group 1, Grade 12
Physics
Accounting
Rural Development
Nepalese Legal System
Health and Physical Education
Sports Science
Instructional Pedagogy and Evaluation
Psychology
History
Gender Studies
Hospitality Management
Agronomy
Naturopathy
Human Value Education
Sculpture
Optional Subjects Group 2, Grade 12
Biology
Education and Development
Geography
Procedural Law
Sociology
Ayurveda
Business Studies
Linguistics
Political Science
Philosophy
Population Studies
Horticulture (Fruits, Vegetable, Floriculture, and Mushroom farming)
Food and Nutrition
Dance
Computer Science
Optional Subjects Group 3, Grade 12
Chemistry
Economics
Tourism and Mountaineering Studies
Marketing
Gerontology and Caretaking Education
Yog
Vocal / Instrumental
Sweing and Knitting
Criminal Law and Justice
Culinary Arts
Culture
Fashion Designing
Film and Documentary
Animal Husbandry, Poultry, and Fisheries
Nepali Major
English Major
Maithali
Newari
Hindi
Chinese
German
Japanese
Korean
Urdu
French
Hebrew
Arabic
Sanskrit
Optional Subjects Group 4, Grade 12
Mathematics
Applied Mathematics
Business Mathematics
Human Rights
Library and Information Science
Home Science
Environment Science
General Law
Finance
Co-operative Management
Buddhist Studies
Applied Arts
Singing
Painting
Sericulture and Bee Keeping
Beautician and Hair Dressing
Medicinal Herbals
Plumbing and Wiring
Internal Decoration
Hotel Management
Mass Communication
Accounting II Syllabus, Grade 12
Principle of Accounting II
Subject code: 104
Annual Teaching hours: 160
Credit hours: 5
Unit 1: Accounting for Companies
1.1 Concept of corporate 6LH
1.1.1 Company
Private company and public company: Meaning, Characteristic;
Differences between private company and public company;
Documents of the company (memorandum of association, articles of association and prospectus)
1.2 Accounting for shares 8LH
1.2.1 Capital of the company
Meaning of share capital, types of share capital (authorized, issued, subscribed, called up and paid up capital);
Shares of the company: meaning, characteristic types of shares (ordinary and preference shares);
Types of preference shares: redeemable preference shares, irredeemable preference shares, convertible preference shares, non-convertible preference shares, participating preference shares, non-participating preference shares, cumulative preference shares, non-cumulative preference shares;
Difference between equity shares and preference shares;
Procedures of share issue as per the Nepal Company Act.
Method of share issue and accounting recoding: lump sum basis, installment basis;
Forfeiture of shares and reissue of shares;
Under subscription of shares, over subscription of shares (excess shares entire rejected, pro-rata allotment, mixed allotment);
Shares issued for cash at par, premium and discount;
Shares issued at other than cash;
Share issued for underwriting commission and brokerage.
1.3 Accounting for debentures 5LH
1.3.1 Debenture
Meaning, characteristic and importance of debentures;
Types of debentures: bearer and registered, naked and secured, redeemable and irredeemable, convertible and non-convertible, first and second debentures;
Differences between shares and debentures;
Issue of debentures in consideration for other than cash
Accounting treatment for debentures issue: lump sum basis;
Issue of debentures with redeemable condition;
Issue of debentures for collateral security;
Redemption of debentures at lump sum basis;
Conversion of debentures into shares.
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Share (Accounting for Share) |
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Share in Nepali |
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Debentures |
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Final Account: Class 12 |
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Final Account in Nepali |
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Work Sheet |
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Ratio Analysis (Accounting Ratio) |
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Fund Flow Statement |
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Cash Flow Statement |
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Theory Accounting Xii |
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Theory: Cost Accounting |
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Cost Accounting |
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LIFO−FIFO |
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Cost Sheet, Unit Costing |
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Cost Reconciliation Statement |
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Unit 2: Corporate Financial Statements
2.1 Corporate Financial Statements 24LH
2.1.1 Preparation of financial statements
Meaning of financial statement;
Traditional financial statements (trading account, profit and loss account, profit and loss appropriation account, balance sheet);
Financial statements (income statement; retained earnings and balance sheet) with adjustments or without adjustment as per Nepal Accounting Standard and Nepal Financial Report Standards;
Statement changing in shareholders’ equity.
2.2 Worksheet 8LH
2.2.1 Preparation of worksheet;
Introduction of worksheet and need of worksheet;
2.3 Cash flow statement 18LH
2.3.1 Cash flow statement
Preparation of cash flow statement with adjustment (direct and indirect method) on the basis of worksheet or trial balance;
Preparation of cash flow statement with adjustment (direct and indirect method) on the basis of comparative balance sheet.
Unit 3: Cost Accounting
3.1 Concept of cost accounting 4LH
3.1.1 Introduction of cost accounting
Cost accounting: meaning, objectives, importance and limitation;
Limitation of financial accounting;
Differences between cost accounting and financial accounting;
Method of costing: job order costing, contract costing, process costing, service costing, unit costing, batch costing and multiple costing.
3.1.2 Introduction and classification of cost
Concept of cost, classification of cost on the basis of production, process, elements, functions, variability and controllability;
3.2 Materials and materials control 10LH
3.2.1 Materials and materials control
Meaning and types of materials, objectives and essential of materials control.
Purchase and receipt procedures: materials purchasing and purchase department, centralized and decentralized
Receipt of purchasing order; preparation of purchase requisition form, tender form, purchase order form, receipt of materials, inspection of materials and payment of materials;
Purchase department: centralize purchase and decentralize purchase;
Store keeping: meaning, types and location of store;
Storekeeper: duties and responsibilities of storekeeper;
Classification and codification of materials;
Bin cards.
Issuing: meaning and preparation of requisition form;
Pricing of materials issue;
Valuation of closing stock under FIFO, LIFO, average and weighted average methods;
Stock level: meaning and computation of stock level; maximum stock level, minimum stock level, average stock level, reorder stock level and reordering quantity.
Economic order quantity: meaning, concept and computation of EOQ; total cost at EOQ by using formula, EOQ by trial and error method, reorder level and calculation of total cost.
3.3 Accounting for labour 4LH
3.3.1 Accounting for labour
Labour cost: meaning and importance; labour cost control and its need;
Basic knowledge of labour requisition form, employees’ history card, time card, biometric machine, job card, piece card and payroll sheet.
System of wage payment: meaning, advantage, disadvantage of piece rate system and time rate system;
Differences between piece rate system, time rate system
Determination of total wages using piece rate and time rate system.
3.4 Accounting for overhead or indirect expenses 2LH
3.4.1 Overhead or indirect expenses
Overhead: concept and meaning of overhead;
Classification of overhead on the basis of function, behavior, elements and control;
Allocation, apportionment and absorption of overhead: meaning and importance.
3.5 Unit or output costing 16LH
3.5.1 Unit or output costing
Unit costing: meaning and importance of unit costing;
Components of cost sheet: prime cost, works cost, office on cost, cost of production, cost of goods sold, selling and distribution cost, cost of sales, profit and total sales;
Preparation of cost sheet;
Tender and historical cost: meaning and calculation of tender cost on the basis of cost sheet.
3.6 Cost reconciliation statement 5LH
3.6.1 Cost reconciliation statement
Meaning of cost reconciliation statement;
Causes of differences of net profit or loss of financial accounting and cost accounting;
Preparation of cost reconciliation statement.
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Unit 4: Computer Accounting
4.1 Use of computer in accounting 10LH
4.1.1 Computer systems in accounting
The meaning, elements, importance and limits of computer system in accounting
Computer System Process: sources of information in a computer system (invoice, purchase order, receipt, barcode)
Information analysis
Information processor: journals, ledgers and reports,
Storage of information: Data storage method
Records in Excel: depreciation table, debt repayment table, payroll sheet
4.1.2 Use of software in accounting
Software: use of software, software system language refiner, accounting software requirements and features
Company creation, accounting masters, accounting group, journal, ledger, balance test, income statement and balance sheet, report performance, bank account reconciliation details preparation (for small projects only)
5. Experimental and Project Work
The following are some examples of experimental and project work that students can do in class 12. These experimental and project works are presented as examples, to make relevant additional and alternative work will be done:
|
SN |
Subject areas |
WH |
Experimental and project work |
|
1 |
Concept of corporate |
1 |
To prepare details related to the concept, establishment and management of the company |
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2 |
Accounting for shares |
2 |
To present the method, type and accounting method of the shares issued by the company to the public |
|
3 |
Accounting for debentures |
2 |
To present the method, type and method of keeping the bonds issued by the company to the public |
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4 |
Corporate Financial Statements |
4 |
To provide information about the financial statements prepared by the companies, the needs of the business and to present the financial statements of the company |
|
5 |
Worksheet |
2 |
To present the financial statements prepared by the companies in the minutes and to present the financial statements of the companies in the minutes |
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6 |
Cash flow statement |
3 |
Collect the details of how the cash flow has been done in the activities from the financial statements prepared by the companies; bring the cash flow details and present it. |
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7 |
Concept of cost accounting |
1 |
To collect and analyze the details of cost and production cost |
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8 |
Materials and materials control |
2 |
To present the records of the materials used in the production such as stock management |
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9 |
Accounting for labour |
2 |
Presentation of work such as recording, management and payment of wages used in production |
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10 |
Accounting for overhead or indirect expenses |
2 |
To record and control the indirect expenditure used in production |
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11 |
Unit or output costing |
5 |
To present the work of recording the direct and indirect expenses used in the unit production cost and preparing the statement of cost and profit per unit product. |
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12 |
Cost reconciliation statement |
2 |
To find out the differences and errors in the production cost statement and financial statements and present the details |
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13 |
Use of computer in accounting |
12 |
Analysis of accounting information, information on storage and storage methods, use of software, software system language processor, accounting software requirements and features preparing and working on small projects |
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Total |
40 |
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6. Learning Facilitation Methods and Procedures
Each lesson should begin by relating to the students’ past experience.
It is effective to teach this subject by taking examples of activities that you have experienced and related to daily life at home.
The discussion method should generally be used at the beginning of the presentation of the text.
Observation, performance and use should be given priority in teaching and learning activities.
After the presentation of the topic, the students should be asked to find examples or solutions.
Learning facilitation activities should be conducted on the creative side according to the classroom environment considering the interest, needs and social environment of the students.
Learning should not be limited to the level of perception but should be used in a creative way by giving enough learning opportunities to provide perfection.
Various methods can be used to conduct learning facilitation activities to achieve the specified objectives.
Methods such as discussion, Q&A, experiment, arrival, observation, visit, research, project, demonstration, lecture can be used to suit the format of the topic and the situation.
The methods presented here are only samples or hints. In all cases, these methods alone may not be perfect.
Therefore, every teacher should take the method presented here as a basis and choose the teaching method and process that suits his concrete situation.
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7. Student Assessment
Both constructive and decision-making assessments are needed to ensure student learning achievement.
Classroom work, project work, presentation, achievement during classroom teaching to improve student learning achievement
It is necessary to acquire theoretical and practical knowledge and skills through activities such as exams.
Constructive assessment should be used as an integral part of the learning facilitation activity to effectively implement and improve student learning.
If students do not find out what they have learned, they are identified and re-taught or constructively evaluated for corrective learning.
Homework as an integral part of classroom teaching and learning in the classroom during the 11th and 12th grade accounting subject learning process.
Class work, project work, community work, extra-curricular activities, unit exams, monthly exams
Assessment tools can be used and student records must be kept for assessment.
On the basis of this, the learning situation is ensured and corrective teaching and learning activities should be conducted as required.
For students with special learning needs, the subject teacher should evaluate the appropriate process.
The teacher constantly conducts this type of assessment, emphasizing the expected skills and behavioral development in the students should be given.
The definite weight of the learning achievement of constructive evaluation even in decision-making evaluation will be added.
The fact that students did not acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes as intended by the curriculum
Evaluation is an important mechanism to detect.
Focus on learning achievement while evaluating students
Competence and learning achievement should include all levels of learning.
This issue will be evaluated through internal and external evaluation.
Out of the total burden of evaluation, 25% will be internal and 75% will be external evaluation.
Similarly, written examination will be conducted under external evaluation.
Under student assessment, both constructive and decisive assessment will be done.
Students’ learning should be evaluated on the basis of the level of competencies included in the curriculum, classroom learning achievement and its content, related skills, learning participation and learning proficiency.
A. Internal Evaluation
Student’s knowledge, skills and competencies will be measured through internal evaluation in both the Grades 11 and 12. The internal evaluation carries 25% of weightage for final evaluation of student achievement. The following table shows the criteria for the internal evaluation:
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SN |
Criteria |
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Marks |
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1 |
Learning participation |
Learning participation |
3 |
Daily class attendance, individual, group and classroom learning participation for active learning |
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2 |
Project work |
Project work report preparation and presentation |
8 |
Project work report preparation and presentation |
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3 |
Observation tour |
Observation tour, report preparation and presentation |
8 |
Observation tour, report preparation and presentation |
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4 |
Subjective and objective evaluation |
Quarterly examinations |
6 |
From the evaluation records of quarterly examinations |
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Total |
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25 |
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B. External Evaluation
External evaluation of the students will be based on the written examination. It carries 75% of the total weightage.
The types and number questions will be as per the test specification chart developed by the Curriculum Development Centre.
Accounting II Model Question, Grade 12
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