NEB English Grade 11: Why Is the Renaissance Important?

 

 

WRITING

(a) Write an essay on “Literature is the reflection of society.”

During the early days, much of our history was transferred orally through song and spoken word.

People started writing things down on scrolls and books.

Writing made accurately transfer of the information much more reliable.

Finally, literature was born and more people piled the written works.

It began taking shape in various forms like poetry, epics, novels and much more.

 

Literature is the written works with artistic value e.g. fiction, poetry, drama and criticism.

Literature is recognized as having important or permanent artistic value.

It may be converting into a tangible object that can be interpreted by others.

 

In many instances, literature is purely the reflection of society; and language is its voice.

The existence of any society cannot be imagined without literature and language.

A society is incomplete without language, literature, history and culture.

 

Literature provides the big picture of the society.

It shows us the evolution of society through the works produced.

When you look or stare yourself in a mirror, you appear the same way you are.

Literature will be seen in the same way as society is because a writer writes the same article that he sees or hears in society.

Literature will enable us to objectively look at the ‘bigger picture’.

It helps to us to gain understanding about different perspectives.

 

 

(b) It is said that today’s reader is tomorrow’s leader. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.

Today’s reader is tomorrow’s leader; this quotation was stated by Margret Fuller in 19^th century.

Margret Fuller was not only the journalist she was but also full time female book reviewer.

 

I agree with Margaret Fuller because every reader cannot be a leader.

However, every reader can analyse the leaders.

Here, leaders may be political or someone who guides and directs others.

If you want to guide or direct others, you must be a reader.

 

You cannot grow in your leadership without learning from others and that requires reading.

To acquire new insights, you have to read as much as you can.

I started reading from child magazines and articles.

Gradually, I became young and started reading about youth magazines.

I love reading textbook as well as reference materials.

I love reading print books as well as eBooks on the internet.

 

At present, if you have internet facility and a smartphone or computer; you can read uncountable study materials on internet.

The Google is the best search engine to search whatever you want to read on internet.

 

I have been reading multiple books and I have learned so much by just reading.

I have learned from world leaders and politicians, from business leaders, from novelists and journalists.

Leaders are readers, if you want to learn, you have to read.

 

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(c) Write a short biography of a national literary, artistic or historical figure you appreciate most.

Dil Bahadur Chitrakar (D.B. Chitrakar) is a famous Artists of Nepal. 

He is one of the senior painters of Nepal.

He is almost a legendary vivid celebrity in the realm of Nepali art nowadays.

He was born in 1929.

He brought up in a ‘Chitrakar’ circle of relatives.

Chitrakar is a community traditionally related to the art of painting and advert.  

 

Dil Bahadur Chitrakar started artwork at a very little age.

In a preliminary stage, he learnt directing from his father Jagat Bahadur.

Later, he learnt artistic work from an iconic artist Tej Bahadur Chitrakar.

Dil Bahadur’s emergence as the proficient artist became extraordinary.

 

As an artist, his profession is a variety of versatility.

He started as an artwork instructor in 1945 advert in the local college.

Then, he worked as a textile designer to a senior illustrator in text e-book house.

He worked at Janak Education Materials Center.

 

All through this era, he has had a completely unique opportunity to peep into a much wider world of European artwork in places like London, Paris, Rome and lots of other famous towns of Europe.

After meeting the super master artists Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, he unexpectedly improved himself.

He held his first one-man display of portraying in 1964 advert, at the legendary Max Art Gallery, Kathmandu.

 

 

GRAMMAR

Relative clauses

(A) Study these examples

The woman who lives next door works in a bank. (The woman lives next door. She works at a bank.)

 

That grey thing, which you can see on the roof there, isn’t very traditional. (That grey thing isn’t very traditional. You can see it on the roof there.)

 

The parts of the sentences in bold above are relative clauses. We use relative clauses to describe or give extra information about something we have already mentioned. We often use relative pronouns (e.g. who, where, that, which, whose) to introduce relative clauses.

 

In the first example ‘who lives next door’ is defining relative clause. Defining relative clauses give us essential information – information that tells us who or what we are talking about.

 

In the second example ‘which you can see on the roof there’. Non-defining relative clauses give us extra information which isn’t absolutely necessary. We use commas to separate them from the rest of the sentence, unless they come at the end of the sentence, when we use a comma and a full stop.

 

(B) Complete the following sentences with correct relative pronouns and write whether the clauses are defining or non-defining.

(a) That’s the house …… I was born.

(b) My aunt Nita, …… a journalist, is coming to visit next week.

(c) People …… like outdoor activities will love our holidays.

(d) The early 1960s, …… the Beatles first started, was a very exciting time in pop culture.

(e) My essay on Shakespeare, …… I found quite difficult, got a really good mark in the end.

(f) The Mayans, …… lived in Central America, built many stunning temples.

(g) That’s the girl …… brother is in your class.

(h) The snake …… was in the garden last week belongs to our next-door neighbor

 

Answer

(a) That’s the house where I was born.

(b) My aunt Nita, who is a journalist, is coming to visit next week.

(c) People who like outdoor activities will love our holidays.

(d) The early 1960s, when the Beatles first started, was a very exciting time in pop culture.

(e) My essay on Shakespeare, which I found quite difficult, got a really good mark in the end.

(f) The Mayans, who lived in Central America, built many stunning temples.

(g) That’s the girl whose brother is in your class.

(h) The snake that was in the garden last week belongs to our next-door neighbor

 

 

(C) Join the following pairs of sentences with appropriate relative clause.

(a) He is a musician. His albums have sold millions.

(b) Amelia speaks English and Chines fluently. She is from Shanghai.

(c) That’s the stadium. Real Madrid plays there.

(d)  Dublin is my favourite city. It is the capital of Ireland.

(e) The person was really helpful. They spoke to him.

(f) This smartphone takes great photos. I bought it last week.

 

Answer

(a) He is a musician whose albums have sold millions.

(b) Amelia who is from Shanghai speaks English and Chines fluently.

Or, Amelia who speaks English and Chines fluently is from Shanghai.

(c) That’s the stadium where Real Madrid plays there.

(d)  Dublin is my favourite city which is the capital of Ireland.

(e) The person to whom they spoke was really helpful.

(f) This smartphone takes great photos which I bought it last week.

 

 

RELATIVE CLAUSE

It is used to describe or give extra information about something; that we have already mentioned.

 

Relative pronouns are which, who, whose, whom etc.

Which: it is used for goods noun.

Who, whose, whom: they are used for person.

 

Relative adverbs are where, when, why etc.

Where: It is used for place

When: It is used for calendar date or time

Why: it is used for reason.

 

Relative Pronoun	Stands for	Uses
who	person	substitutes for subject noun or pronoun (he, she, it, we, they)
		I like the person. He is nice to me.
		I like the person who is nice to me.
whom	person	substitutes for object noun or pronoun (him, her, its, our, their)
		You cannot sleep on this bed. Its leg is broken.
		You cannot sleep on bed whose leg is broken.
whose	person, things	substitutes for possessive noun or pronoun (his, hers, its, our, their)
		The man is a tennis coach. His daughter won the tournament.
		The man whose daughter won the match is a tennis coach.
that	person, things	can be used for either subject or object or restrictive relative clauses
	animals	I hate the dog. The dog bit me.
		I hate the dog that bit me.
which	things, animals	can be used for either subject or object or restrictive relative clauses
		I am going to buy a mobile. Mobile has 108 MP camera.
		I am going to buy a mobile which has 108 MP camera.
Relative adverbs	Stands for	Uses
where	place	can be used for place
		I visited in Kathmandu. I grew up in Kathmandu
		I visited in Kathmandu where I grew up.
when	time	can be used for time (colander time or watch time)
		My favourite season is autumn. All the leaves change colour in autumn.
		My favourite season is autumn when all the leaves change colour.
why	reason	can be used for asking the reason
		Do you know the reason? The shops are closed on Sunday.
		Do you know the reason why the shops are closed on Sunday?

 

Defining or identifying clause

Defining relative clauses give us essential information; it tells us who or what we are talking about.

If defining clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence changes significantly.

We should not separate sentence by commas.

Examples:

He is the student who failed in the half-yearly exam.

He bought the iPhone which he wanted.

The girl whom you met is a dancer.

 

Non-defining or non-essential clause

Non-defining relative clauses give us extra information which is not necessary.

If non-defining clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence remains same but we loss some detail.

We should use commas or parentheses (brackets or dashes) to separate them.

Examples:

My brother, who lives in Japan, is an accountant.

Manju was reading a spy novel, which was interesting.

 

 

 

 

LISTENING

Audio

Audio credit: CDL, Nepal

 

 

(A) Look at the picture and answer these questions:

 

 

(a)  What are the people in the picture doing?

(b)  What are they talking about?

(c)  What do you think is a ‘renaissance man’ like? Gghuy

 

(B) Listen to The Talk Show about Leonardo da Vinci and tick the correct alternatives.

(a) What is Leonardo da Vinci most popular for?

(i) his imagination

(ii) his paintings

(iii) his engineering

(iv) his invention

 

(b) Which of the following is not the skill of da Vinci?

(i) sculpting

(ii) stage designing

(iii) teaching

(iv) experimenting

 

(c)  Why did he spend most of his time studying the nature?

(i) to paint precisely

(ii) to invent precisely

(iii) to experiment precisely

(iv) to study precisely

 

(d) Who is the host of The Talk Show?

(i) Martin Kemp

(ii) Bridget Kendall

(iii) Carmen C. Bambach

(iv) Marina Wallace

 

(e) What did da Vinci think about the nature, according to Martin Kemp?

(i) It’s a unified thing

(ii) It’s a separate thing

(iii) It’s a mysterious thing

(iv) It’s a diverse thing

 

(f) Why does Carmen Bambach accept da Vinci as a superhuman?

(i) because of his lively paintings

(ii) because of his ingenuity

(iii) because of his curiosity and desire of questioning

(iv) because of his dedication in invention

 

(g) According to Marina, what makes Leonardo a typical renaissance man?

(i) his drawings

(ii) his craftsmanship

(iii) his sculpts

(iv) his versatility

 

(C) Listen to the audio again and match the following descriptions with appropriate people:

(a)	an artist and a scientist and inventor, engineer, paleontologist, cartographers, stage designer and much	(i)	Marina Wallace
(b)	interviewer and programme host at BBC Forum	(ii)	Martin Kemp
(c)	a British emeritus professor in the history of Art at Oxford University in the UK.	(iii)	Leonardo da Vinci
(d)	is a curator in the Department of Drawings and Prints, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York	(iv)	Carmen C. Bambach
(e)	Italian curator and art historian	(v)	Professor White
		(vi)	Marina Wallace

 

 

(D) Leonardo da Vinci was a polymath. Do you agree? Give your reasons.

 

 

SPEAKING

Describing people

 

 

(a) Look at the given pictures and describe people’s hair, nose, eyes, chin, lips, etc. in terms of their length, shape, style and size.

 

(b) Study the words given below which are used to describe people’s body parts and talk to your friends. shoulder, length, long, curly, wavy, short, round, pointed, wide, oval, almond-shaped, flat, bald, big, dark, pale, whitish, square, thick, thin

 

(c) Now, present a short description of your head teacher. Include her/his age, physique, dress-up and special characteristics.

 

PROJECT WORK

Prepare a profile of a great artist of Nepal such as Araniko, Lain Singh Bangdel etc. and present to the class.

 

 

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