NEB English Grade 11: Qin Dynasty in History and Culture
Arjun EP
Before you read Look at the picture and discuss.
(a) What do you see in the picture?
I see the Great Wall of China in the picture.
(b) When was this structure built?
This structure was built-in 221-207 BC in the Qin Dynasty.
(c) Who made it?
It was made during the Qin Shi Huang era.
He was also called the first emperor of united China.
WAYS WITH WORDS
(A) Match the words on the left with their correct meanings on the right.
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(a) brevity |
(i) |
the state of being alike |
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(b) conquest |
(ii) |
a member of an uncivilised group of people or culture |
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(c) resemblance |
(iii) |
state of being noble in character, quality, or rank |
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(d) barbarian |
(iv) |
the liquid that is believed to cure all ills |
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(e) ally |
(v) |
lasting only for a short time |
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(f) nobility |
(vi) |
cruel |
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(g) ruthlessness |
(vii) |
victory over a place or people by use of military force |
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(h) decimation |
(viii) |
the killing or destruction of a large number of a population |
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(i) harsh |
(ix) |
the character of having no pity or compassion |
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(j) elixir |
(x) |
one state united to another by a treaty or a league for a military purpose |
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Answer
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(a) brevity |
(v) |
lasting only for a short time |
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(b) conquest |
(vii) |
victory over a place or people by use of military force |
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(c) resemblance |
(i) |
the state of being alike |
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|
(d) barbarian |
(ii) |
a member of an uncivilised group of people or culture |
|
|
(e) ally |
(x) |
one state united to another by a treaty or a league for a military purpose |
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(f) nobility |
(iii) |
state of being noble in character, quality, or rank |
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(g) ruthlessness |
(ix) |
the character of having no pity or compassion |
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|
(h) decimation |
(viii) |
the killing or destruction of a large number of a population |
|
|
(i) harsh |
(vi) |
cruel |
|
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(j) elixir |
(iv) |
the liquid that is believed to cure all ills |
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###########
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Click on the link for YouTube videos: |
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Accounting Equation |
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Basic Journal Entries in Nepali |
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Basic Journal Entries |
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Journal Entry and Ledger |
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Ledger |
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Subsidiary Book |
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Cash Book |
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Trial Balance & Adjusted Trial Balance |
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Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) |
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Depreciation |
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Final Accounts: Class 11 |
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Adjustment in Final Accounts |
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Capital and Revenue |
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Single Entry System |
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Non-Trading Concern |
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Government Accounting |
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Goswara Voucher (Journal Voucher) |
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(B) Find the following words in the text and use them in sentences of your own:
Invasion, disregard, paramount, populace, revolt, assassination, serfdom
Invasion = act of invading, entering with force
India’s no invasion order is good news.
Disregard = ignore somebody or something, treat disrespectfully
Nowadays, teenagers disregard their parents.
Paramount = greatest, highest
Patriotism must be for the paramount of nation
Populace = population, public
Most Nepali populace support journalist Rabi Lamichhane.
Revolt = rebel against state or country, defy
Teenagers often revolt against parental discipline.
Assassination = murder
Indira Gandhi’s assassination took place on 31 October 1984.
Serfdom = slavery, captivity
Serfdom was abolished in Russia in 1861.
(C) Study the following homographs.
address (noun): the location of a house
adDRESS (verb) to speak to a group of people
DEcrease (n.): reduction in the amount of something
deCREASE (v.): to become smaller in amount
PREsent (n.): a gift
preSENT (v.): to give something formally
PROtest (n.): objection to something by an organised group of people
proTEST (v.): to express an objection
CONtest (n.): a game or event of completion
conTEST (v.): to challenge or dispute
RECord (n): a written account of information
reCORD (v.): to keep or store information for future use
Note Homographs are words with different pronunciations and different meanings but the same spellings. However, the words here have a change in the word stress often causing changes in the vowel sounds.
(D) Consult a dictionary and prepare a list of ten homographs.
Address = physical location
Address = make a speech
Accent = manner of pronunciation
Accent = mark above the letter
Bank = financial institution
Bank = corner of the river, side of the water
Book = published work
Book = reserve place
Bar = length of solid material
Bar = place of drinking
Bear = large furry animal
Bear = tolerate
Can = be able to
Can = food container
Capital = wealth, cash investment
Capital = seat of government
Compact = small and efficiently
Compact = agreement
Date = time of the event (day, month, year)
Date = small oval fruit
(E) Read the limerick, the stressed words are in uppercase.
I KNEW a MAN whose NAME was SHAW.
He ATE a ROCK and BROKE his JAW.
WHAT do you THINK?
He SAID, with a WINK.
PerHAPS it’s BAD to EAT them RAW.
Note A limerick is a funny rhyming verse of five lines with the rhyme pattern aabba. Remember, limericks emphasise English sentence stress.
(F) Here is a very old limerick taken from a book ‘A Book of Nonsense’ by Edward Lear. Practise it with the help of your teacher and find the stressed words.
There once was a fly on the wall.
I wondered ‘why didn’t it fall’?
Were its feet stuck?
Or was it just luck?
Or does gravity miss so small?
#####
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Click on link for YouTube videos |
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Accounting for Share |
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Share in Nepali |
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Debentures |
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Final Accounts: Class 12 |
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Final Accounts in Nepali |
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Work Sheet |
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Ratio Analysis (Accounting Ratio) |
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Fund Flow Statement |
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Cash Flow Statement |
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Theory Accounting Xii |
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Theory: Cost Accounting |
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Cost Accounting |
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LIFO−FIFO |
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Cost Sheet, Unit Costing |
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Cost Reconciliation Statement |
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COMPREHENSIVE
(A) Complete the table with the correct information from the text.
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Qin Dynasty Period |
221-206 BCE |
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Zhou Dynasty Period |
1046-256 BCE |
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Warring States Period |
426-221 BCE |
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Unification of China by Qin |
221 BCE |
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First Emperor of Qin Dynasty |
Qi Shi Huangdi |
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Death of Shi Huangdi |
210 BCE |
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Liu Bang Period |
247BCE-195 BCE |
(B) Answer these questions:
(a) Why is the Zhou Age called a feudal age?
Answer: The Zhou Age is called a feudal age because the Zhou government bore a strong resemblance to some of the forms of feudalism in medieval Europe.
(b) What is the location advantage of the Qin?
Answer: The territory of the Qin State is in favourable location.
It is in modern Shaanxi Province.
It is well guarded from the east by mountains and valleys.
It has easy access to the North China plain through the Yellow River passes.
It is safe. So, no major battle ever took place in the Qin’s heartland.
(c) What contributed to the success in the warfare as described in the text?
Answer: The location of the state, the size of the army and expert use of the chariot contributed to their success in warfare
(d) Why did the Qin invite the foreign advisor, Shang Yang?
Answer: The Qin invited the foreign advisor Shang Yang to suggest to them the idea of state policy.
Shang Yang was foreign policy expert person.
(e) What were the key features of the Qin political system?
Answer: Fear and control were the key features of the Qin political system.
(f) How were the people treated during the Qin Period?
Answer: During the Qin Period, people who contributed the most to the state were highly rewarded.
People who were considered as no importance; they sent to work as slaves on Shi Huangdi’s building projects, the Great Wall of China, the Grand Canal and the construction of the road.
(g) Why did Shi Huangdi stop educating ordinary people?
Answer: Shi Huangdi stopped educating to ordinary people because he believed that uneducated people were easier to control.
(h) What did the Qin achieve by the legalism in practice?
Answer: The Qin achieved the efficiency and strength of the state.
Qin achieved a superior army, a disciplined bureaucracy, an obedient population and the unquestioned authority of central government by the legalism in practice.
(i) Why did Shi Huangdi never sleep in the same room for two consecutive nights?
Answer: Shi Huangdi never slept in the same room for two consecutive nights because of the constant fear of assassination.
(j) What are the everlasting marks of the Qin Dynasty?
Answer: Shi Huangdi never slept in the same room for two consecutive nights because of constant fear of assassination.
CRITICAL THINKING
(a) The Great Wall and the Taj Mahal are the creation of the autocratic rulers. Present your view for and against this statement.
In an autocracy, power remains in the hands of a single person.
The autocratic political system has the feature of fear and control.
Historically, autocracies have been represented by absolute monarchs and military dictators.
Autocratic leaders usually make choices which rely on their ideas and judgments.
They hardly accept any advice from followers.
The Great Wall of China got built by Qin Shi Huang; he was autocrat.
The Taj Mahal got built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaj.
Shah Jahan was also an autocrat.
According to historian record 300,000 soldiers and 500,000 common people (slaves) were involved in constructing the original Great Wall under Emperor Qin; but this number was in millions.
Many soldiers and slaves were killed and buried under the Great Wall itself.
1,000 elephants and more than 20,000 workers from India, Persia, Europe and the Ottoman Empire were brought in to build the Taj Mahal.
Many labourers were killed and buried.
Both the Great Wall of China and the Taj Mahal were built under the ruling power of the autocrat.
Unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled laborers along with talented artisans were used to build them.
They were being built to be immortal, gaining popularity and dedication to their loved ones.
(b) How do you describe the pros and cons of feudalism?
Feudalism was a combination of the legal, economic, military and cultural customs.
It is also known as the feudal system; it was popular in Medieval Europe between the 9th to 15th centuries.
The feudal system had the provision of social and economic security to the lower class members of the society.
The landlords could not deprive the vassals’ land.
Vassals were dependent landholders in feudal society.
The landlords had to care for them during their disability.
The system helped people to develop the qualities like loyalty, bravery, generosity, humility and courtesy.
Associations between lords and vassals were based on a high respect for truth and promised word.
The vassals showed every possible courtesy to the lords and served them with loyalty and humility.
In return, the landlords revealed love and kindness to the vassals.
Pros or merit of feudalism
(i) Feudalism saved vassals from foreign invaders (attackers).
(ii) Landlords were able to save the vassals from the tyranny (autocracy) of the king.
(iii) Slavery could not flourish in Europe due to feudalism.
(iv) Solders showed their bravery (chivalry); they saved vassals from autocrat landlords.
(v) They also showed honour to women.
(v) The relationship between the landlords and vassals were cordial; they fulfilled the need of each other.
Cons or demerit of feudalism
(i) Feudalist divided the society into two classes i.e. feudal class and farmers.
(ii) There were regular wars among the landlord; vassals had to favour the landlord, it discourages nationalism.
(iii) Due to feudalism, political unity was lost; so, the sovereign state could not crate in Europe.
(iv) Feudalism made a deplorable condition of vassals; they could not earn their livelihood from a small area of land.
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