NEB English Grade 11: Qin Dynasty in History and Culture
Arjun EP
WRITING
(a) Write an email to your friend living abroad stating the contributions of Prithvi Narayan Shah in the unification of Nepal.
Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723 – 1775) was the king of the ruling Shah family of Gorkha, Nepal.
He conquered the Nepal Mandala (Malla Kingdom) of the Kathmandu Valley in 1769.
Then Kathmandu Valley was separated into Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur.
He also established the capital of Nepal in Kathmandu.
The Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region’s Nepal Bhasa (Newari) name.
Then, Shah moved his capital to Gorkha.
The unification of Nepal officially began in 1743.
King Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha launched an aggressive annexation campaign seeking to broaden his own kingdom’s borders.
The Shah dynasty would go on to unite the various warring kingdoms.
Once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state, He stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east.
(b) The table shows the major political movements in Nepal after the end of the Rana Regime. Write a paragraph of each event with their key contributions in the political landscape of Nepal.
|
SN |
Political movement |
Year (AD) |
|
1. |
Establishment of Democracy |
1951 |
|
2. |
First General Election |
1959 |
|
3. |
Dismissal of Elected Government |
1960 |
|
4. |
National Referendum |
1980 |
|
5. |
People’s Movement I |
1990 |
|
6. |
People’s Movement II |
2006 |
Establishment of Democracy in 1951 in Nepal
The parliament democracy was introduced in Nepal in 1951 AD.
It is also known as Sat Salko Kranti because it was begun in 2007 Bikram Samvat.
It was a political movement against the direct rule by the Rana dynasty of Nepal which lasted for 104 years.
It marks the beginning of the political awakening and democratic movements in Nepal.
It resulted in the immediate abolition of the institutionalized hereditary Prime Minister system in Nepal.
It was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005.
First General Election 1959 in Nepal
First General Elections were held in Nepal from 18 February to 3 April 1959.
Elections were held to elect the 109 members of the first House of Representatives.
It was the lower house of the Parliament of Nepal.
Elections were held under the provisions of the 1959 constitution, which had been adopted on 12 February.
More than 4.25 million people out of an overall population of about 8.55 million (1954) were eligible to vote.
Voter turnout was 42.18%.
The result was a victory for the Nepali Congress winning 74 of the 109 seats with 38% of the vote.
B. P. Koirala became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of Nepal.
He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Nepal.
Dismissal of Elected Government in 1960
On 15 December 1960, King Mahendra suspended the elected Government of Nepal.
He dissolved the elected parliament, dismissed the cabinet and imposed direct rule.
He imprisoned Prime Minister B.P. Koirala and his closest government colleagues.
Mahendra instituted the rule of Panchayat System.
It was a variant of guided democracy.
King Mahendra claimed that the Congress government had raised corruption, promoted party above national interest, failed to maintain law and order and encouraged anti-national elements.
National Referendum in 1980
The referendum is called janmat-sangrah in Nepali.
Mass students made protests against King Birendra rule in the spring of 1979.
Then King Birendra made a public declaration on 23 May 1979 that a referendum would be held with the people of Nepal.
Voters were offered the choice between a panchayat system and a multi-party system.
On 21 January 1980, King Birendra published the Referendum Rules.
In the referendum, it was stated ‘His Majesty shall make such provisions in the Constitution of Nepal as may deem necessary.’
The panchayat system received a majority of 54.99% whereas the multi-party system only received 45.2% of the total votes.
Voter turnout was 66.9%.
People’s Movement I in 1990
Movement is called jana-andolan in Nepali.
People’s Movement I 1990 was a multiparty movement in Nepal.
It was officially started on 18 February 1990, which is Democracy day in Nepal.
This movement brought an end to absolute monarchy and the beginning of the constitutional monarchy.
It also eliminated the panchayat system.
All Communist parties, the Nepali Congress and the formation of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) came together for this movement.
To prevent the movement, the government arrested national and district-level leaders of both political parties.
The government also banned all opposition newspapers.
People’s Movement II in 2006
People’s Movement II is also known as Democracy Movement.
Democracy Movement is called loktantra-andolan in Nepali.
People’s Movement II 2006 was the multiparty movement in Nepal.
This name is given to the political agitations against the undemocratic rule of King Gyanendra of Nepal.
In a nationally televised address, King Gyanendra reinstated the old Nepal House of Representatives on 24 April 2006.
The King called upon the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) to bear the responsibility of the nation on the path to national unity and prosperity
He also suggested ensuring permanent peace and safeguarding multiparty democracy.
The reinstitution of Parliament was accepted by the SPA.
SPA declared that Girija Prasad Koirala would lead the new government.
The SPA stated that the new parliament would hold elections for a body that would write a new constitution.
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Click on link for YouTube videos: |
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Accounting Equation |
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Basic Journal Entries in Nepali |
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Basic Journal Entries |
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Journal Entry and Ledger |
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Ledger |
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Subsidiary Book |
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Cash Book |
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Trial Balance & Adjusted Trial Balance |
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Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) |
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Depreciation |
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Final Accounts: Class 11 |
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Adjustment in Final Accounts |
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Capital and Revenue |
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Single Entry System |
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Non-Trading Concern |
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Government Accounting |
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Goswara Voucher (Journal Voucher) |
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GRAMMAR
(A) Read this paragraph and classify regular and irregular verbs in the bold face.
About 771 BCE, a barbarian invasion drove the Zhou rulers eastwards. During this time, the state of Qin became responsible for guarding the western frontier and they gradually moved eastward and eventually occupied the original Zhou domains. Thus, the Qin became a close ally of the Zhou and they also had marriage relations with the Zhou ruling class. King Ping of Zhou (r. 770-720 BCE) transferred titles of the nobility and huge estates to the chief of Qin.
Note: Past simple is used to talk about a single action or series of actions that happened in the past.
(B) Complete the texts below using the correct past forms of the verbs from the bracket.
(a) The Maya established a very advanced civilisation in the jungles of the Yucatan. However, their culture disappeared (disappear) by the time Europeans first arrived (arrive) in the New World.
(b) When I turned (turn) on the radio yesterday, I heard (hear) a song that was popular when I was (be) at the basic level of my study. It took (take) me back to some old memories.
(c) I was looking for a job. I applied (apply) for a job last week. Fortunately, I got (get) it and now I am a job holder.
(C) Choose the correct words from the list and complete the sentences with the correct verb form.
|
teach |
write |
see |
get up |
throw |
cost |
|
(a) Newton saw an apple falling from the tree.
(b) Ramesh Bikal wrote many popular stories.
(c) My jacket is expensive. It costs me Rs 5,000.
(d) She got early in the morning yesterday.
(e) When I was small, my father taught me at home.
(f) Why did you throw the cap away?
D. Put the verb into the correct form and complete the sentences.
(a) I went to see the film, but I did not enjoy it. (not/enjoy)
(b) I met Rojina in town in a few days ago. (meet)
(c) It was very warm, so I took off my coat. (take off)
(d) Though the bed was very comfortable, I did not sleep very well. (not/sleep)
(e) I started new job last week. (start)
(f) He was too busy in the office yesterday. (be)
(g) Nita invited her to the party, but she didn’t come. (invite)
LISTENING
Audio
Audio credit: CDC, Nepal
(A) Look at the picture and answers the questions.
(a) What do you see in the picture?
(b) What do you see on the forehead?
(c) What does it symbolise?
(B) Listen to the audio and write True for true statements and False for false ones.
(a) The centre of the head is similar to the centre of the universe.
(b) The secret symbol is inconsistent in different cultures and religions.
(c) The third eye connects us to the great unknown force of the universe.
(d) We are indirectly connected to the extraterrestrial beings.
(C) Listen to the audio again and answer the following questions.
(a) What is the shape of the centre in human beings?
(b) Where do we see the symbol of third eye in Buddhism?
(c) What is cosmic egg?
(d) What does the cosmic egg represent?
D. Collect other information about the third eye and share with friends.
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Click on link for YouTube videos |
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Accounting for Share |
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Share in Nepali |
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Debentures |
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Final Accounts: Class 12 |
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Final Accounts in Nepali |
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Work Sheet |
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Ratio Analysis (Accounting Ratio) |
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Fund Flow Statement |
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Cash Flow Statement |
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Theory Accounting Xii |
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Theory: Cost Accounting |
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Cost Accounting |
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LIFO−FIFO |
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Cost Sheet, Unit Costing |
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Cost Reconciliation Statement |
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SPEAKING
(A) Read the following text loudly.
I’m Anupama. I travelled from Jumla to Surkhet by flight on June 5, 2019. It was my first flight experience. I reached the airport at 9:30 am. After some formal chit-chat, I went for the security check. The flight was scheduled to leave at 10:00 am. The flight was on time and I had the window seat. I was waiting for the takeoff. Before the takeoff, the pilot made an announcement. The air hostess informed us about safety rules. Now the time came… Firstly the plane moved on the runway till the opposite end. But finally, it took an about-turn and the speed increased. Within a few seconds, I was in the sky. The view was breathtaking. The roads and buildings seemed like lines and toys. My ears were humming initially when the plane increased the height, but later on everything was fine. Finally, I reached Surkhet at 10:30 am. It was one of the most memorable experiences of my life!
(B) Work in groups of five and narrate your memorable event with some exciting experiences that you had.
PROJECT WORK
Find the similarities and differences between the Qin Dynasty in China and the Rana Regime. You can search for information on the internet and prepare a comparative chart. Once you complete your project, compare it with the charts from your friends.
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