Transportation | Communication | Role | Current Status | Problems and Remedial
Transportation and Communication
(A) Transportation
Transport term derived from Latin word ‘transportare’ which means ‘carry across’.
In simple words, transport means to carry something or somebody from one place to another by vehicle.
Means of transport means to carry goods from one place to another.
Modes of transport mean to carry people from one place to another.
Transportation in economics becomes necessary because the goods are not only used where they are produced.
The goods are produced in one place and should be carried to different places for selling.
Road, railway, aircraft, ropeway, cable car are the important means of transport.
Transport is a very important means to expand the market and seek opportunities for new markets.
In fact, trade and market have been developing with the development of transportation, their speed and security.
Because of the transport facility, mass production of goods and wider distribution has become easy.
Transportation has played a significant role to increase the time utility of goods, minimizing price fluctuation and providing better services to customers at a lower cost.
(B) Communication
Communication term derived from the Latin word ‘communicate’ which means ‘share’.
In simple words, communication means sharing a message to the general public.
Therefore, communication is the exchange of thoughts, messages, information etc by speech, video, audio, signals or writing.
Communication is the medium of exchanging news, views and dissemination of information.
In old-time postal services, landline telephone, fax, telex and print media were popular.
Then, radio and television were popular.
Due to the development of the internet, Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, Twitter, TikTok etc are very popular.
The basic forms of communication are:
Personal communication: it includes postal service, telephone, email etc.
Mass communication: it includes newspaper, radio, television, social media etc.
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Accounting Equation |
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Basic Journal Entries in Nepali |
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Basic Journal Entries |
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Journal Entry and Ledger |
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Ledger |
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Subsidiary Book |
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Cash Book |
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Trial Balance & Adjusted Trial Balance |
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Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) |
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Depreciation |
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Final Accounts: Class 11 |
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Adjustment in Final Accounts |
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Capital and Revenue |
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Single Entry System |
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Non-Trading Concern |
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Government Accounting |
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Goswara Voucher (Journal Voucher) |
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Role of Transportation and Communication | Importance of Transportation and Communication
The major role of transport and communication in economic development are as follows:
Development of primary sector | Development of the production sector
Transport and communication play an important role in the development of the primary sector.
The primary sector of economics is agriculture, fishery, forestry, animal husbandry etc.
The modern agricultural inputs like improved seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, modern tools etc can be easily carried to the farms at a cheaper cost.
Due to the development of communication, agricultural goods also can be provided to the consumers at fair prices.
Thus, the facility of transportation and communication can reduce the costs of agricultural products.
Development of tertiary sector | Development of service sector
The tertiary sector or service sector includes trade and commerce.
They are banking, insurance, health, education, transport and communication etc.
Transport and communication are an integral part of the tertiary sector.
They help to promote trade and commerce and financial activities.
They provide employment directly to many people.
The service sector helps to increase the national income of a country.
In this sense, transportation and communication are the pre-requisites of the development of the service sector.
Utilization of natural resources
Nepal is rich in natural resources.
Development of transportation and communication can help to get the market access of the output.
They can help to supply the raw materials at the production area for the utilization of available resources.
Market expansion
Market expansion is another prerequisite of development because as the market expands more goods are produced.
Development of transportation and communication can help to get the market access of the output.
They can help to supply the raw materials at the production area.
The firm or industry can sell their output throughout the world due to the development of transport and communication.
Development of tourism industry
People can visit different places with the help of means of transport and means of communication.
Many tourism centers of Nepal are situated in remote and hilly areas.
While tourists are in their destination area, they also require communication facilities for their own sake.
Transport and communication ultimately support the development of the tourism industry.
Balanced regional development
The development of transport and communication helps to bring backward areas to mainstream economic development.
People can obtain employment opportunities.
They can also obtain better prices for their products in the market.
It leads to an increase in the living standard of the people of the backward areas.
National integration
Nepal is a country of many ethnic groups.
They have different religions, cultures, languages and beliefs.
Transport and communication help to know them properly.
They can share ideas, views and problems of the people from the different parts of the country.
Thus, transport and communication facilities make national integration possible.
Mobility
Mobility factors like labour and capital are very essential for the economic development of a country.
The transportation and communication facilities provide mobility to labour and capital from one place to another.
Easy and cheap transportation helps to supply labour from cheap to expensive.
Similarly, communication provides adequate information about the availability and prices of labour and capital goods.
Social reform
Development of transportation and communication can help for the sharing of the ideas, views and problems of the people.
They can share their ideas from different parts of the countries.
Transportation and communication support for avoiding social evils and adopting good norms and values.
Therefore, social reform would be together with the development of transportation and communication.
Security
Today’s world depends on communication.
The defense, financial institutions, personal information of the citizen etc are based on communication.
Hackers can hack this information with the help of internet excess.
Good control on communication increases goodwill, security and national integrity.
Integration of economic
Transport and communication facilities are required for the integration of economic activities like production, consumption, exchange and distribution.
It helps to bring together friendly countries through plans and programs of co-operation
Cooperation is social, economic, political, cultural exchange, visits and moves towards a common goal.
It also helps in maintaining peace, order and stability in the world in exchange of ideas and experience.
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Means of Transportation | Current Status of Transportation in Nepal
The means of transportation in Nepal can be divided into two parts; they are surface transportation and air transportation
(1) SURFACE TRANSPORT
Surface transport means land transport or road transport.
The present condition of surface transport is explained below:
Road transportation
Road transport is a land transportation system.
Road transport is being used from ancient times and it is very useful and important.
Person and animals use road transport in hilly, mountain or remote areas where automobile transports have not reached.
Road construction is too much difficult in the Hilly and Mountain region of Nepal.
73 district headquarters has access to roadway links or connectivity of Nepal.
The 14th plan of Nepal has been made to connect all 77 district headquarters from the roadways by the end of plan period.
The Major Highways of Nepal and Their Length
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National Highways in Nepal |
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Code |
Name of highways |
Places connected |
Distance (km) |
|
H1 |
Mahendra Highway |
Mechi-Mahakali |
1,028 |
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H2 |
Tribhuvan Highway |
Kathmandu‒Birgunj |
189 |
|
H3 |
Kathmandu‒Kodari Highway |
Kathmandu‒Kodari |
113 |
|
H4 |
Prithvi Highway Highway |
Naubise-Pokhara |
174 |
|
H5 |
Madan Ashrit Highway |
Narayanghat‒Muglin |
36 |
|
H6 |
Dhulikhel‒Bhittamod Highway |
Bhittamod‒Dhulikhel |
198 |
|
H7 |
Mechi Highway |
Bhadrapur‒Taplejung |
268 |
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H8 |
Koshi Highway |
Biratnagar‒Myanglung |
159 |
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H9 |
Sagarmatha Highway |
Saptari‒Solukhumbu |
265 |
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H10 |
Siddhartha Highway |
Pokhara-Sunauli |
182 |
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H11 |
Rapti Highway |
Dang‒Rukum |
196 |
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H12 |
Ratna Highway |
Nepalgunj‒Surkhet |
113 |
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H13 |
Karnali Highway |
Surkhet‒Jumla |
232 |
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H14 |
Bhimdutta Pant Highway |
Dhangadhi‒Darchula |
320 |
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H15 |
Seti Highway |
Dadeldhura‒Samuwagadh |
66 |
Till the end of the first eight months of the current fiscal year 2019/20, the road has constructed 61,395 km in the country.
The share of road:
Fair weather roads 71.5%
Graveled 22.1%
Blacktopped 6.4%
In the corresponding period of the fiscal year 2018/19, the share of the road was:
Fairweather roads 71.6%
Graveled 21.9%
Blacktopped 6.5%
Details of Roads Constructed by Province and Local Levels
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SN |
Type |
Length (in km) |
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2013/14 |
2014/15 |
2015/16 |
2016/17 |
2017/18 |
2018/19 |
2019/20 |
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1. |
Mud or unpaved road |
37,402 |
38,768 |
38,940 |
42,840 |
24,349 |
43,066 |
43,907 |
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2. |
Graveled road |
12,336 |
12,425 |
12,513 |
12,830 |
7,078 |
13,151 |
13,538 |
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3. |
Blacktopped road |
1,690 |
1,784 |
1,857 |
2,269 |
712 |
3,946 |
3,950 |
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Total |
51,428 |
52,977 |
53,310 |
53,310 |
32,139 |
60,163 |
61,395 |
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Source: Economic survey 2019/20
Upto the end of FY 2001/02, the total number of vehicles was registered in the country 3,54,955.
It had been increased to 21,43,186 by mid-March 2016 and 26,02,986 in June 2017 and 32,21,042 by mid-March 2018.
The number of different types of vehicles in Nepal is given in the table.
Numbers of Vehicles
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SN |
Types |
Upto June 2017 |
Upto mid-March 2019 |
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1 |
Bus |
44,969 |
49,318 |
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2 |
Minibus/Mini Truck |
23,269 |
25,595 |
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3 |
Crane/Dozer/Excavator/Truck |
75,296 |
90,411 |
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4 |
Car/Jeep/Van |
2,09,199 |
2,37,658 |
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5 |
Pick up |
43,089 |
55,973 |
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6 |
Microbus |
5,188 |
7,658 |
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7 |
Tempo |
15,348 |
45,672 |
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8 |
Motorcycle |
20,34,936 |
25,30,722 |
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9 |
Tractor/Power Tiller |
1,23,797 |
1,43,962 |
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10 |
Electronic Rickshaw |
20,678 |
26,466 |
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11 |
Others |
7,217 |
7,607 |
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Total |
26,02,986 |
32,21,042 |
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Source: Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport
Railway transportation
Railway transport is also a land transportation system.
The development of railway transport helps to develop industry, commerce and whole economy.
It is very useful in transporting big and heavy goods and materials.
The railway is used in transporting passengers, machines, coal, food grain, chemicals, automobiles, iron, steel etc.
The railway fare is cheaper than the truck.
The first railway of Nepal was Nepal ‘Government Railway’ from Raksaul to Amlekhjung.
Its length was 48 km.
It is found uneconomical and now it is out of operation.
The Janakpur−Jaynagar Railway of Nepal was established in 1936 AD.
The total length of Janakpur−Jaynagar Railway is only 29 km.
The Department of Railways has been established for the identification, expansion and operation of railway transportation.
Railway project under the Indian cooperation, One Belt One Road (OBOR) under the cooperation of China government, Mechi−Mahakali Electric Railway, Kathmandu Metro Transport Project are ongoing under this department.
Rope-way and cable car transportation
Rope-way and the cable car are the means of transport.
It can transport people and light goods.
It can be operated in places where road construction is impractical and costly.
Certain limits of goods or people can be transported with the help of electricity.
Rope-way and cable car transport system is suitable for transportation in the hilly remote areas.
Kathmandu to Hetauda (42 km) ropeway was constructed in 1964 AD.
Now, this operation was being stopped due to a lack of repair and maintenance.
Cable Car Services
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SN |
Name |
Place |
Distance |
|
1 |
Manakamana Cable Car |
Kurintar to Gorkha |
3.1 km |
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2 |
Chandragiri Cable Car |
Kathmandu |
2.5 km |
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3 |
Annapurna Cable Car |
Sidibagar to Sarankot |
2.3 km |
Trolley bus
Trolley bus service was in operation from Tripurshwar to Suryabinayak 13 km route.
It was established in 1975 AD.
It was constructed with the assistance of China government.
Because of the short route and load−shedding problem, the trolley bus service has been stopped by the government of Nepal.
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(2) AIR TRANSPORTATION | CIVIL AVIATION
Air transport is the fastest modern means of transport.
In the beginning, only passengers, mails, perishable goods and costly light goods were transported by air transport.
Air transport is very important in the movement of products of low volume but high value.
Air transport is fast but very expensive.
It is only one alternative of transportation in the mountainous and hilly region where there is no roadway network.
Nepal’s aviation history was started in 1949 AD with the single-engine aircraft landed in Sinamangal, Kathmandu which is today’s Tribhuvan International Airport.
Air Transportation
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SN |
Airports of Nepal |
Numbers |
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2017/18 |
2018/19 |
2019/20 |
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1 |
Nepali airlines operating international airport |
3 |
3 |
3 |
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2 |
International airport operating Nepali airlines |
30 |
29 |
30 |
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3 |
No. of countries having the bilateral air-service agreement |
38 |
39 |
40 |
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4 |
No. of two-way airline seats (in hundred thousand) |
80 |
80 |
80 |
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5 |
No. of airlines operating domestic flights |
19 |
19 |
19 |
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6 |
No. of international airports |
1 |
1 |
1 |
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7 |
No. of companies operating adventures and entertaining |
77 |
77 |
80 |
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8 |
No. of airports operating in all seasons |
35 |
35 |
35 |
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|
9 |
No. of total airports in operation |
30 |
31 |
32 |
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Source: Economic Survey 2019/20
Domestic air transportation
At present 32 domestic airports are in operation in Nepal.
As per the government policy of promoting the private sector participation in the transport sector, various airlines have been established in Nepal.
They are Yeti Airlines, Buddha Airline, Saurya Airline, Tara Air, Sita Air, Simrik Airlines etc.
To make the air service more reliable and safe, a geo-satellite-based aircraft landing system has been implemented at Chandragadhi, Dhangadhi and Janakpur airports.
So far, the system has been implemented in seven airports across the country.
Regional Hub Airports are Napalgunj, Biratnagar, Bhairahawa, Pokhara and Dhangadhi.
Airports under construction are Kalikot, Chandeshwori, Ardhabhagawati, Sukilumba, Sitaleshwora, Simichaur
The numbers of passengers on domestic flights were 31,88,479 in 2019.
The Gautam Buddha Airport, Bhairahawa has been developed as a regional international airport under South Asia Tourism Infrastructure Development Project.
Keep in Mind
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In 2018, the number of passengers traveling to Tribhuvan International Airport for international flights was 43,42,486 |
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The number has decreased by 4.6% to 4,138,482 in 2019. |
Means of Communication | Current Status of Communication in Nepal
Information, Communication and Information Technology is developing rapidly.
Mobile, internet service, FM radio, television, newspapers, online media, social media, postal service and other private sector media have expanded significantly.
The Radio Nepal, The Nepal Television, the Gorkhapatra Sansthan and the Rashtriya Samachar Samiti are owned and operated by the government sector.
Postal service
The postal service was started in Nepal in 1878 AD as “Nepal Hulak Ghar.”
The postal service is regarded as one of the pioneer government services in Nepal which provides both mandatory and commercial services.
The postal service is the oldest and most used service by the public, which has extended its institutional networks up to the remotest villages of Nepal.
After becoming a member of Universal Postal Union (UPU) in 1956 and Asia Pacific Postal Union (APPU) in 1982 A.D., the postal service of Nepal become able to expand its network worldwide.
Major functions
The major functions of postal services:
Routine postal operation and administration
Domestic and international exchange of postal items (letters, parcels, EMS etc)
Postal saving bank and money order service
Operation of post boxes
Mobile postal service within Kathmandu valley
Renewal of FM (upto 500 watts)
Grievance handling
There are 3,997 post offices in Nepal; they are:
Postal Service Department 1
Regional postal directorates 5
District postal offices 75
842 area post offices 842
Support post offices 3,074
Postal Service in Nepal
|
Postal Service |
Mountain |
Hill |
Terai |
Total |
|
Postal Service Department |
− |
− |
− |
1 |
|
Regional Postal Directorate |
− |
− |
− |
5 |
|
District Postal Office |
− |
− |
− |
75 |
|
Ilaka Postal Office |
170 |
372 |
300 |
842 |
|
Additional Post Offices |
492 |
1,541 |
1,041 |
3,074 |
|
Grand Total |
|
|
|
3,997 |
Source: Economic Survey 2019/20
Four postal services directorates and a General Postal Office (Goshwara Hulak) and district-level post offices have been working in Kathmandu.
Under this department in Kathmandu, there are Central Money Order Office, Central Ticket Counter, Postal Training Centre and a Philatelic Bureau.
Expressed mail service has also been started in 35 foreign countries.
The department of postal services has provided more than 17,500 post boxes.
Besides this, the postal service publishes postal tickets and operates a postal saving bank, money order, E-DV facilitation, fill up forms, express courier and electronic postal services etc.
Telecommunication
There has been rapid development in the telecommunication sector in Nepal because of the increase in service providers and service receivers and the introduction of the latest and high-tech telecom services in the country.
As of mid-March 2020, telecom companies have distributed almost 41.58 million telephones.
Description of telecommunication services provided by different service providers is given in the table.
Total Number of Telephone Distribution
|
SN |
Service Providers |
2017/18 |
2018/19 |
2019/20 |
|
|
1 |
Nepal Telecom Limited |
1,99,76,187 |
2,12,78,178 |
2,23,28,879 |
|
|
2 |
United Telecom Limited |
526874 |
– |
– |
|
|
3 |
Ncell Axiata Limited |
1,65,13,859 |
1,64,27,047 |
1,71,57,358 |
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4 |
STM Telecom |
2,987 |
– |
– |
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3 |
Nepal Satellite Telecom Pvt. Ltd |
3,28,538 |
3,28,538 |
– |
|
|
5 |
Smart Telecom Pvt. Ltd |
18,51,021 |
19,94,730 |
20,91,257 |
|
|
6 |
Others |
1,742 |
1,742 |
2,902 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
3,92,02,554 |
4,04,57,431 |
4,15,80,396 |
|
Source: Economic Survey 2019/20
Internet service
Internet is the global network, connecting millions of computers, mobile phones etc.
It is the easiest, cheapest and fastest means of communication in the modern world.
It is very useful in research, education, marketing live communication, health, entertainment, social networking, banking transaction, health etc.
Internet service has reached 75% of the total population of Nepal.
By mid-March of 2020, subscribers to Nepal Telecom Company use internet service 48.9% of subscribers.
Similarly, Ncell Internet Services use 32.8% of subscribers.
The share of various internet service providers is 18.3%.
Details of Internet Users (in Percentage)
|
SN |
Service Providers |
2017/18 |
2018/19 |
2019/20 |
|
|
1 |
Nepal Telecom Limited |
43.66 |
48.41 |
48.91 |
|
|
2 |
United Telecom Limited |
0.42 |
– |
– |
|
|
3 |
Ncell Axiata Limited |
40.78 |
34.82 |
32.81 |
|
|
4 |
Smart Telecom Pvt. Ltd |
0.28 |
1.10 |
1.13 |
|
|
5 |
Internet service providers |
14.86 |
15.67 |
17.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total % |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
Keep in Mind
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Internet in the banking sector upto mid-March 2019: |
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Number of deposit accounts 31.732 million |
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Mobile banking users 10.335 million |
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Internet banking users 0.998 million |
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Types of internet |
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ADSL (dial-up), GPRS, CDMA, EVDO, Wi-Max, Dial-up (PSTN+ISDN), Optical fiber, Cable modem, VSAT Internet etc. |
Radio broadcasting service
The Radio Nepal was established on 2nd April 1951 AD.
It is the oldest mass communication electronic media in Nepal.
It covers countrywide coverage.
Radio Nepal has a short wave, mediumwave and FM network to reach every nook and corner of the country.
Regional Broadcasting Centers are Dhankuta, Kathmandu, Pokhara, Surkhet and Dipayal.
It has medium-wave broadcasting stations in all seven provinces of the country.
These stations broadcast songs and other programs.
They broadcast news in Nepali, English, Magar, Gurung, Tamang, Rai Bantawa, Limbu, Newari, Bhojpuri, Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu, Tharu East, Tharu West, Avadhi, Sherpa, Maithili, Kham Magar, and Doteli languages.
Radio Nepal has established FM relay centers at 4 different places to expand and extend its service.
In 1995, the Frequency Modulation [FM] Technology was introduced in the country
The existing radio station did not remain the only one, anymore.
In recent years, private companies have been actively making their contributions to FM broadcasting.
Radio and FM sets have been widely in use; gradually, the smartphone is taking place of radio and FM.
By mid-March 2020, there are 941 FM radios and 672 regular radios are operating.
Television broadcasting
The television service of Nepal Television, as a strong and effective electronic means of communications, is in regular operation in Nepal since 1984.
At present, there are altogether 170 television channels with transmission licenses for TV broadcast services.
However, only 51 television channels are in operation.
Government-owned Nepal Television has coverage throughout the country as well as foreign countries by access to satellite.
At present, 50% of the total area and 72% of people have the access to NTV.
An agreement has been signed between Nepal television and galaxy television limited, UK for the live broadcasting of NTV in the Gulf countries, Europe, America, Australia and Africa through signal cable network and direct to home (DTH) system.
A total of 953 licenses have been issued to operate cable television services to the private sector.
Number of Permits Related to Audio-Visual
|
SN |
Description |
Upto 2017/18 |
Upto 2018/19 |
Upto 2019/20 |
|
|
1 |
FM radio broadcasting |
806 |
911 |
941 |
|
|
2 |
Regular radio broadcasting |
645 |
672 |
672 |
|
|
3 |
Television license |
128 |
136 |
170 |
|
|
4 |
Television broadcasting |
45 |
51 |
51 |
|
|
5 |
Cable Television |
853 |
853 |
853 |
|
|
6 |
DTH |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
7 |
IP Television |
4 |
9 |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: Economic Survey 2019/20
Newspapers
Newspapers are the best sources of information and knowledge of any subject because they are well researched and written by professional experts in their fields.
Registered Newspapers
|
SN |
Publish types |
Upto 2017/18 |
Upto 2018/19 |
Upto 2019/20 |
|
|
1 |
Daily |
730 |
733 |
741 |
|
|
2 |
Semi-weekly |
39 |
39 |
39 |
|
|
3 |
Weekly |
2,927 |
2,943 |
2,953 |
|
|
4 |
Fortnightly |
474 |
473 |
474 |
|
|
5 |
Monthly |
2,315 |
2,333 |
2,342 |
|
|
6 |
Two monthly |
379 |
382 |
384 |
|
|
7 |
Quarterly |
38 |
38 |
38 |
|
|
8 |
Tri-semester |
637 |
641 |
646 |
|
|
9 |
Half-yearly |
86 |
88 |
87 |
|
|
10 |
Annually |
93 |
89 |
93 |
|
|
|
Total |
7,718 |
7,759 |
7,801 |
|
Source: Economic Survey 2019/20
Keep in Mind
|
Upto mid-March 2019/20, the number of newly registered, reregistered and renewed online media is 839. |
|
|
|
Linguistically registered newspapers: |
|
68.0% in Nepali |
|
7.0% in English |
|
17.9% in Nepali-English |
|
5.3% in other languages |
Problems of Transportation and Communication
The major problems of the transportation and communication sector of Nepal are as follows:
Lack of capital
A huge amount of capital is required to develop the transportation and communication sector.
But there is no sufficient capital available to construct highways, tunnels, bridges, railways, communication networks etc.
Major highways of Nepal have been constructed by foreign assistance.
Hence, capital is the major problem in the development of the transportation and communication sector in Nepal.
Lack of technology and technical knowledge
Both technology and technical knowledge are essential to developing transportation and communication sectors.
But, Nepal is very backward in both technology and technical knowledge.
All the tools and implements are to be imported from abroad.
Because of this reason, the cost of developing the transportation and communication sector rises.
It becomes a greater hurdle for poor countries like Nepal.
Thus, lack of technology and technical knowledge are the problem in the development of transportation and communication.
Lack of efficient manpower
Mentally and physically efficient Nepalese youth are in foreign employment.
Because of this reason, there is a deficiency of efficient manpower for the development of large infrastructure related to the transportation and communication sector of Nepal.
This is also a problem in the development of the transportation and communication sector in Nepal.
Lack of energy
For the development of the transportation and communication sector, energy is needed.
The most important source of energy for transportation and communication are petroleum and electricity.
Despite the great potentiality of producing hydroelectricity, Nepal is unable to produce hydroelectricity as per demand.
In such a situation, there is difficult to develop the transportation and communication sector in Nepal.
Lack of peoples’ awareness
People’s cooperation is necessary to construction all the infrastructures like roads, bridges, railways, telephone towers etc.
Instead of cooperating in the development of such infrastructures, Nepalese people create hurdles.
Lack of people’s awareness, the development of transportation and communication are not possible in Nepal.
Lack of long term planning
Long-term planning and vision are absent in Nepal.
The roads are constructed without considering population growth and national requirement.
After few years, the available road becomes insufficient.
This is also a problem in the transportation and communication sector of Nepal.
Political instability
Political instability is also a major problem in the development of the transportation and communication sector in Nepal.
Nepal is facing acute (serious) political instability after the restoration of multiparty democracy.
There is frequent change in government.
When government changes, priorities, programs and policies of the government also change.
This creates uncertainties in the development of transportation and communication sectors.
Suggestions for Solution of Problems of Transportation and Communication|
Remedial Measures of Transportation and Communication
The remedial measures of the problems of transportation and communication sector of Nepal are as follows:
The increasing involvement of the private sector
For the development of large projects of transportation and communication, huge capital is needed.
But, there is a lack of a large amount of capital in Nepal.
In such a situation, the government should develop these infrastructures by involving an investment in private sectors.
This is also known as the public-private relationship.
Development of technical education
There is a lack of technical knowledge in Nepal.
Without technical knowledge, it is impossible to develop transportation and communication sectors.
Therefore, emphasis should be given to developing technical manpower in Nepal.
For this, technical education should be given according to the national need by establishing a technical university in the country.
Likewise, basic technical education should be started from the school level.
Attracting labour force in national development
Mentally and physically efficient manpower of Nepal is in foreign employment.
As a result, there is a deficiency of labour in Nepal.
Lack of mentally and physically efficient manpower, it is difficult to construct large infrastructures like national highways, airports, railways etc.
Therefore, the government of Nepal should make a policy to attract the labour force in the national development.
Spread of people’s awareness
People create hurdles in the development of infrastructures like roads, telephone towers etc.
Likewise, people destroy the infrastructures.
The main cause behind this is the lack of people’s awareness.
The participation of local people and beneficiaries in the development process helps to develop and protect infrastructures related to transportation and communication.
Therefore, it is necessary to spread awareness and involve beneficiaries in the development of transportation and communication.
Maintaining political stability
It is not possible to develop transportation and communicational sectors without maintaining political stability in Nepal.
Therefore, leaders of political parties, activists of political parties and people themselves should be aware to maintain political stability in Nepal.
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