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Classification of Cost Accounting <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Classification of cost accounting<\/span><\/p>\n Classification by nature or elements <\/span><\/p>\n Classification by function<\/span><\/p>\n Classification by behavior or variability <\/span><\/p>\n Classification by controllability<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Classification by nature is also called elements of cost. <\/span><\/p>\n There are three types of elements; they are materials, labour and overheads.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Materials are the most important parts of a manufacturing company. <\/span><\/p>\n There are two types of materials. <\/span><\/p>\n They are direct materials and indirect materials.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Direct materials<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n It is the main part of finished goods; they are:<\/span><\/p>\n Steel, woods and plastic in furniture<\/span><\/p>\n Cotton in cloth<\/span><\/p>\n Leather, clothes and rubber in shoes<\/span><\/p>\n Paper in copy and book<\/span><\/p>\n Sugarcane for sugar etc<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Indirect materials<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n It is a small part of the quantity of finished goods. <\/span><\/p>\n It helps to finish or complete goods; they are: <\/span><\/p>\n Sewing thread and buttons in clothe<\/span><\/p>\n Enamel, paints, polish and iron peg in furniture<\/span><\/p>\n Adhesive, glue and thread in bookbinding etc<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n To convert raw materials into finished goods, manpower is essential. <\/span><\/p>\n Such manpower needs expenses. <\/span><\/p>\n These expenses are wages, salary, bonus and provident funds etc. <\/span><\/p>\n There are two types of labour; they are direct labour and indirect labour.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Direct labour<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n It is the direct cost, labour, wages incurred to produce goods or service providing. <\/span><\/p>\n This cost is related to a particular job, process or product; such as:<\/span><\/p>\n Wage to tailor for stitching <\/span><\/p>\n Wage to carpenter<\/span><\/p>\n Wage to mason<\/span><\/p>\n Wage to washerman for cleaning the clothes etc<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Indirect labour<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n It is the non-productive wage, cost, labour. <\/span><\/p>\n It helps to encourage labour to do work hard with honest and sincere; these are:<\/span><\/p>\n Allowances<\/span><\/p>\n Provident fund<\/span><\/p>\n Bonus (extra benefit)<\/span><\/p>\n Pension (money for retirement)<\/span><\/p>\n Gratuity (money for retirement or appreciation)<\/span><\/p>\n Medical facility etc.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n ###########<\/span><\/p>\nClassification by Nature or Elements <\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n
(A) MATERIALS<\/span><\/b> <\/b><\/h3>\n
(B) LABOUR<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/h3>\n